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The hydraulic diameter, D H, is a commonly used term when handling flow in non-circular tubes and channels. Using this term, one can calculate many things in the same way as for a round tube. Using this term, one can calculate many things in the same way as for a round tube.
The metric equivalent flow factor (K v) is calculated using metric units: =, where [3]. K v is the flow factor (expressed in m 3 /h), Q is the flowrate (expressed in m 3 /h), SG is the specific gravity of the fluid (for water = 1),
A fitting or adapter is used in pipe systems to connect sections of pipe (designated by nominal size, with greater tolerances of variance) or tube (designated by actual size, with lower tolerance for variance), adapt to different sizes or shapes, and for other purposes such as regulating (or measuring) fluid flow.
Orifice plate showing vena contracta. An orifice plate is a thin plate with a hole in it, which is usually placed in a pipe. When a fluid (whether liquid or gaseous) passes through the orifice, its pressure builds up slightly upstream of the orifice [1] but as the fluid is forced to converge to pass through the hole, the velocity increases and the fluid pressure decreases.
All gases flow from higher pressure to lower pressure. Choked flow can occur at the change of the cross section in a de Laval nozzle or through an orifice plate. The choked velocity is observed upstream of an orifice or nozzle. The upstream volumetric flow rate is lower than the downstream condition because of the higher upstream density.
Nominal Pipe Size (NPS) is a North American set of standard sizes for pipes used for high or low pressures and temperatures. [1] " Nominal" refers to pipe in non-specific terms and identifies the diameter of the hole with a non-dimensional number (for example – 2-inch nominal steel pipe" consists of many varieties of steel pipe with the only criterion being a 2.375-inch (60.3 mm) outside ...
The process of flow through an orifice can often be used as a relative measurement and ... Orifice diameter Viscosity range Flow times ... (0.12”) 3.97mm (0.16”) ...
In a nozzle or other constriction, the discharge coefficient (also known as coefficient of discharge or efflux coefficient) is the ratio of the actual discharge to the ideal discharge, [1] i.e., the ratio of the mass flow rate at the discharge end of the nozzle to that of an ideal nozzle which expands an identical working fluid from the same initial conditions to the same exit pressures.