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A Field Guide to American Houses (Revised): The Definitive Guide to Identifying and Understanding America's Domestic Architecture. Knopf, 2013. ISBN 978-1400043590. Reiff, Daniel D. Houses from Books. Penn State Press, 2001. ISBN 978-0-271-01943-7. Scully, Vincent. American Architecture and Urbanism. New Revised Edition. New York: Henry Holt, 1988.
Early skyscrapers emerged in the United States as a result of economic growth, the financial organization of American businesses, and the intensive use of land. [9] New York City was one of the centers of early skyscraper construction and had a history as a key seaport located on the small island of Manhattan, on the east coast of the U.S. [10] As a consequence of its colonial history and city ...
Tabby, made of lime, oyster shells, water, ash, and sand, was often poured out to make a hard flooring in these structures. [7] During the 18th century, the "common houses" were whitewashed in lime mortar with an oyster shell aggregate. Typically two-story, the houses included cooling porches to accommodate the Florida climate. [8]
The White House and Monticello were setting stones for what Federal architecture has become. In the early United States, the founding generation consciously chose to associate the nation with the ancient democracies of Greece and the republican values of Rome. Grecian aspirations informed the Greek Revival, lasting into the 1850s.
The origin of the gambrel roof form in North America is unknown. [8] The oldest known gambrel roof in America was on the second Harvard Hall at Harvard University built in 1677. [9] Possibly the oldest surviving house in the U.S. with a gambrel roof is the c. 1677–78 Peter Tufts House.
Both were also used to "harden" the cutting edge of tools such as the Egyptians using copper and bronze points for working soft stone including quarrying blocks and making rock-cut architecture. During the copper age, the ancient Chinese invented fired bricks as early as 4400BC. In Chengtoushan, fired bricks were used as flooring for houses. [16]
Grain elevators are buildings or complexes of buildings for storage and shipment of grain. They were invented in 1842 in Buffalo, New York, by Joseph Dart, who first developed a steam-powered mechanism, called a marine leg, for scooping grain out of the hulls of ships directly into storage silos. [87] 1843 Ice cream maker (hand-cranked)
[2] The Millford Plantation, South Carolina, ca. 1840. The style was employed in ecclesiastical, institutional, and residential buildings. Virtually all the buildings in the style are characterized by the use of columns or pilasters, usually from the Greek orders. "Bilateral symmetry is the rule," with the main portion of the buildings being ...