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Maleic anhydride is a classic substrate for Diels-Alder reactions. [9] It was used for work in 1928, on the reaction between maleic anhydride and 1,3-butadiene, for which Otto Paul Hermann Diels and Kurt Alder were awarded the Nobel Prize in 1950. It is through this reaction that maleic anhydride is converted to many pesticides and pharmaceuticals.
In industry, maleic acid is derived by hydrolysis of maleic anhydride, the latter being produced by oxidation of benzene or butane. [4] Maleic acid is an industrial raw material for the production of glyoxylic acid by ozonolysis. [8] Maleic acid may be used to form acid addition salts with drugs to make them more stable, such as indacaterol ...
An aqueous solution containing about 34% tetrasodium iminodisuccinate is obtained with yields of up to 98%. [5] Spray-drying can be used to obtain a mixture of solids consisting of> 65% tetrasodium iminodisuccinate salts (essentially the tetra sodium salts ), <2% maleic acid sodium salts, <8% fumaric acid sodium salts, <2% malic acid sodium ...
2,3-Dimethylmaleic anhydride is an organic compound with the formula (CH 3) 2 C 2 (CO) 2 O. [1] It is related to maleic anhydride (MA) by replacement of the two CH units with CCH 3 groups. The compound can be prepared from two eqiuvalents of MA in the presence of 2-aminopyridine followed by treatment with sulfuric acid.
In another process, maleic anhydride is first opened with water or another alcohol to form maleic acid and is then reacted with DCPD where an alcohol from the maleic acid reacts across one of the double bonds of the DCPD. This product is then used to end-cap the UPR resin which yields a product with unsaturation on the end-groups.
Dibutyl maleate can be prepared by the reaction of maleic acid anhydride and 1-butanol in presence of p-toluenesulfonic acid. [3] [4] Uses
Chemical structure of an alkylsuccinic anhydride derived from octadecene. Maleic anhydride undergoes the Alder-ene reaction with alkenes to give alkenylsuccinic anhydrides. Such compounds are sizing agents in the paper industry. In this role, the anhydride is proposed to form an ester with the hydroxyl groups on the cellulose fibers. [8]
The reaction proceeds with about 70% selectivity. About 10% of maleic anhydride is also produced: C 6 H 4 (CH 3) 2 + 7 + 1 / 2 O 2 → C 4 H 2 O 3 + 4 H 2 O + 4 CO 2. Phthalic anhydride and maleic anhydride are recovered by distillation by a series of switch condensers.