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Process for screening and diagnosing ASD; M-CHAT is Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers; (+) is positive test result; (−) is negative test result. There are several factors that make autism spectrum disorder difficult to diagnose. First off, there are no standardized imaging, molecular or genetic tests that can be used to diagnose ASD. [4]
Specific language impairment (SLI) is diagnosed when a child's language does not develop normally and the difficulties cannot be accounted for by generally slow development, physical abnormality of the speech apparatus, autism spectrum disorder, apraxia, acquired brain damage or hearing loss.
The field of speech-language pathology is practiced by a clinician known as a speech-language pathologist (SLP) [1] or a speech and language therapist (SLT) [2]. SLPs also play an important role in the screening, diagnosis, and treatment of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), often in collaboration with pediatricians and psychologists.
In order to create the algorithm for diagnosis, the writers chose questions from the interview that were most closely related to the criteria for diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder in the DSM-IV and the ICD-10. [3] An autism diagnosis is indicated when scores in all three behavioral areas meet or exceed the specified minimum cutoff scores. [5]
[10] [11] Children with mixed receptive-expressive language disorder are often likely to have long-term implications for language development, literacy, behavior, social development, and even mental health problems. [6] If suspected of having a mixed receptive-expressive language disorder, treatment is available from a speech therapist or ...
It was last recognized as a diagnosis in the DSM-IV and ICD-10, and has been superseded by autism spectrum disorder in the DSM-5 (2013) and ICD-11 (2022). Globally, classic autism was estimated to affect 24.8 million people as of 2015. [5]
The diagnosis of SPCD can only be given if autism has been ruled out. [11] It is assumed that those with autism have difficulty with the meaning of what is being said due to different ways of responding to social situations. Before the release of the DSM-5 in 2013, SPCD was not differentiated from a diagnosis of autism.
The DSM-5 and the ICD-10 are both used to make specific diagnostic decisions. Speech and language disorders commonly include communication issues, but also extend into various areas such as oral-motor function—sucking, swallowing, drinking, or eating.