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The Muisca calendar was a lunisolar calendar used by the Muisca.The calendar was composed of a complex combination of months and three types of years were used; rural years (according to Pedro Simón, Chibcha: chocan), [1] holy years (Duquesne, Spanish: acrótomo), [2] and common years (Duquesne, Chibcha: zocam). [3]
The Aztec sun stone and a depiction of its base. The Aztec or Mexica calendar is the calendrical system used by the Aztecs as well as other Pre-Columbian peoples of central Mexico.
The xiuhpōhualli (Nahuatl pronunciation: [ʃiʍpoːˈwalːi], from xihuitl (“year”) + pōhualli (“count”)) is a 365-day calendar used by the Aztecs and other pre-Columbian Nahua peoples in central Mexico.
A lunisolar calendar was found at Warren Field in Scotland and has been dated to c. 8000 BC, during the Mesolithic period. [2] [3] Some scholars argue for lunar calendars still earlier—Rappenglück in the marks on a c. 17,000 year-old cave painting at Lascaux and Marshack in the marks on a c. 27,000 year-old bone baton—but their findings remain controversial.
Lunisolar calendars are lunar calendars but, in contrast to purely lunar calendars such as the Islamic calendar, have additional intercalation rules that reset them periodically into a rough agreement with the solar year and thus with the seasons.
The civil lunisolar calendar had years consisting of 12 lunar months, each beginning when a new crescent moon was first sighted low on the western horizon at sunset, plus an intercalary month inserted as needed, at first by decree and then later systematically according to what is now known as the Metonic cycle. [3]
Each lunar year has a 12 lunar months, six months of 30 days and five of 29 days, although not in 29/30 pairs, and one variable month of 29 or 30 days. A synodic month has 29.53 days, so the calendar overcomes any slight slippage or temporary imbalance by the month of MID EQVOS having either 29 or 30 days as required to keep the calendar in ...
The Tibetan calendar (Tibetan: ལོ་ཐོ, Wylie: lo-tho), or the Phukpa calendar, known as the Tibetan lunar calendar, is a lunisolar calendar composed of either 12 or 13 lunar months, each beginning and ending with a new moon. A thirteenth month is added every two or three years, so that an average Tibetan year is equal to the solar year ...