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In the arena field at large music events Douse may be substituted with Fade, with cues like "fade in/out" (smooth transitions), or "blackout/restore" (instant transitions). There are some minor differences in terminology between the theatre and live music world's, but the equipment and role played by the spotlight operator are the same.
A light leak is a hole or gap in the body of a camera, or other optical instrument, where light is able to "leak" into the normally light-tight chamber, exposing the film or sensor with extra light. This light is diffused, although parts within the camera may cast shadows or reflect it in a particular way. For most purposes this is considered a ...
The detection limit can be improved by (1) reducing the noise, (2) using transitions with larger transition strengths or (3) increasing the effective path length. The first can be achieved by the use of a modulation technique, the second can be obtained by using transitions in unconventional wavelength regions, whereas the third by using ...
For light atoms (Z<12), this energy is most often transferred to a valence electron which is subsequently ejected from the atom. [2] This second ejected electron is called an Auger electron . [ 3 ] For heavier atomic nuclei, the release of the energy in the form of an emitted photon becomes gradually more probable.
However, in order for a valence band electron to be promoted to the conduction band, it requires a specific minimum amount of energy for the transition. This required energy is an intrinsic characteristic of the solid material. Electrons can gain enough energy to jump to the conduction band by absorbing either a phonon (heat) or a photon (light).
In the case of neutral atomic hydrogen, the minimum ionization energy is equal to the Lyman limit, where the photon has enough energy to completely ionize the atom, resulting in a free proton and a free electron. Above this energy (below this wavelength), all wavelengths of light may be absorbed. This forms a continuum in the energy spectrum ...
A photopolymer or light-activated resin is a polymer that changes its properties when exposed to light, often in the ultraviolet or visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum. [1] These changes are often manifested structurally, for example hardening of the material occurs as a result of cross-linking when exposed to light.
Vibronic spectroscopy is a branch of molecular spectroscopy concerned with vibronic transitions: the simultaneous changes in electronic and vibrational energy levels of a molecule due to the absorption or emission of a photon of the appropriate energy. In the gas phase, vibronic transitions are also accompanied by changes in rotational energy.
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