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Permafrost temperature profile. Permafrost occupies the middle zone, with the active layer above it, while geothermal activity keeps the lowest layer above freezing. The vertical 0 °C or 32 °F line denotes the average annual temperature that is crucial for the upper and lower limit of the permafrost zone, while the red lines represent seasonal temperature changes and seasonal temperature ...
The Batagaika crater (russian: Батагайский кратер) is a thermokarst depression in the Chersky Range area. [1] The largest permafrost crater in the world, [2] it administratively belongs to the Sakha Republic, Russia, [1] and is in its Verkhoyansky District.
The patterned ground below Mugi Hill on Mount Kenya lies in an area of seasonal frost. [1] A pingo and polygonal ground near Tuktoyaktuk , Northwest Territories, Canada Patterned ground is the distinct and often symmetrical natural pattern of geometric shapes formed by the deformation of ground material in periglacial regions.
The association releases tools and references publications related to permafrost, including a Circum-Arctic Map of Permafrost and Ground-Ice Conditions" at a scale of 1:10,000,000, prepared by an international team and published in the Circum-Pacific map series in 1997, [18] a CD-ROM compilation of global frozen ground data and information, [19 ...
Cryoturbation is the dominant force operating in the active layer, and tends to make it generally uniform in composition throughout. However, variation in the composition of soils due to differences in parent rock are very marked in permafrost regions due to the low rate of weathering in the very cold climate.
Visualization of the ice and snow covering Earth's northern and southern polar regions Northern Hemisphere permafrost (permanently frozen ground) in purple. The polar regions, also called the frigid zones or polar zones, of Earth are Earth's polar ice caps, the regions of the planet that surround its geographical poles (the North and South Poles), lying within the polar circles.
The average time within a fire regime to burn an area equivalent to the total area of an ecosystem is its fire rotation (Heinselman 1973) [46] or fire cycle (Van Wagner 1978). [47] However, as Heinselman (1981) noted, [ 45 ] each physiographic site tends to have its own return interval, so that some areas are skipped for long periods, while ...
A talik is a layer of year-round unfrozen ground that lies in permafrost areas. In regions of continuous permafrost, taliks often occur underneath shallow thermokarst lakes and rivers, where the deep water does not freeze in winter and thus the soil underneath does not freeze either. Sometimes closed, open, and through taliks are distinguished.