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2. Proportionality (mathematics) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proportionality_(mathematics)

   On a map of a sufficiently small geographical area, drawn to scale distances, the distance between any two points on the map is directly proportional to the beeline distance between the two locations represented by those points; the constant of proportionality is the scale of the map. The force, acting on a small object with small mass by a ...

3. Unitary method - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unitary_method

   Unitary method. In elementary algebra, the unitary method is a problem-solving technique taught to students as a method for solving word problems involving proportionality and units of measurement. It consists of first finding the value or proportional amount of a single unit, from the information given in the problem, and then multiplying the ...

4. Proportion (mathematics) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proportion_(mathematics)

   Proportion (mathematics) A proportion is a mathematical statement expressing equality of two ratios. [1][2] a and d are called extremes, b and c are called means. Proportion can be written as , where ratios are expressed as fractions. Such a proportion is known as geometrical proportion, [3] not to be confused with arithmetical proportion and ...

5. Cross-multiplication - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross-multiplication

   Cross-multiplication. In mathematics, specifically in elementary arithmetic and elementary algebra, given an equation between two fractions or rational expressions, one can cross-multiply to simplify the equation or determine the value of a variable. The method is also occasionally known as the "cross your heart" method because lines resembling ...

6. Ratio - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ratio

   Ratio. In mathematics, a ratio (/ ˈreɪʃ (i) oʊ /) shows how many times one number contains another. For example, if there are eight oranges and six lemons in a bowl of fruit, then the ratio of oranges to lemons is eight to six (that is, 8:6, which is equivalent to the ratio 4:3). Similarly, the ratio of lemons to oranges is 6:8 (or 3:4) and ...

7. Golden ratio - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_ratio

   The golden ratio's negative −φ and reciprocal φ−1 are the two roots of the quadratic polynomial x2 + x − 1. The golden ratio is also an algebraic number and even an algebraic integer. It has minimal polynomial. This quadratic polynomial has two roots, and. The golden ratio is also closely related to the polynomial.

8. Proportional reasoning - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proportional_reasoning

   Proportional reasoning. Reasoning based on relations of proportionality is one form of what in Piaget's theory of cognitive development is called "formal operational reasoning", which is acquired in the later stages of intellectual development. There are methods by which teachers can guide students in the correct application of proportional ...

9. Law of definite proportions - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law_of_definite_proportions

   Law of definite proportions. In chemistry, the law of definite proportions, sometimes called Proust's law or the law of constant composition, states that a given chemical compound always contains its component elements in fixed ratio (by mass) and does not depend on its source and method of preparation. For example, oxygen makes up about 8 / 9 ...