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Chlorophytes are eukaryotic organisms composed of cells with a variety of coverings or walls, and usually a single green chloroplast in each cell. [4] They are structurally diverse: most groups of chlorophytes are unicellular, such as the earliest-diverging prasinophytes, but in two major classes (Chlorophyceae and Ulvophyceae) there is an evolutionary trend toward various types of complex ...
Cladophora exist in multiple ecosystems which include both tropical and moderate climates, freshwater, wastewater, and marine water ecosystems, and in multiple biomes which include lakes, ponds, dam reservoirs, large rivers and the coastal littoral zones as well as in areas of oceanic depth (which determines temperatures and light availability ...
Depending on the species, Chlorophyceae can grow unicellular (e.g. Chlamydomonas), colonial (e.g. Volvox), filamentous (e.g. Ulothrix), or multicellular. [example needed] They are usually green due to the presence of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b; they can also contain the pigment beta-carotene.
Cryptic crosswords often use abbreviations to clue individual letters or short fragments of the overall solution. These include: Any conventional abbreviations found in a standard dictionary, such as:
The chlorophytes, with around 700 genera, were originally marine algae, although some groups have since spread into fresh water. The streptophyte algae (i.e. excluding the land plants) have around 122 genera; they adapted to fresh water very early in their evolutionary history and have not spread back into marine environments. [28] [29] [30]
The chlorophyte and charophyte green algae and the embryophytes or land plants form a clade called the green plants or Viridiplantae, that is united among other things by the absence of phycobilins, the presence of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b, cellulose in the cell wall and the use of starch, stored in the plastids, as a storage polysaccharide.
The distinctions between the genera are artificial, since they do not correspond with monophyletic groupings; [7] occasionally, Ankistrodesmus is found as single cells. [6] Other similar genera include Keratococcus and Elakatothrix. [3] Identification of species chiefly depends on details of the size and shape of cells. [2]
The New York Times has used video games as part of its journalistic efforts, among the first publications to do so, [13] contributing to an increase in Internet traffic; [14] In the late 1990s and early 2000s, The New York Times began offering its newspaper online, and along with it the crossword puzzles, allowing readers to solve puzzles on their computers.