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In the context of chronic kidney disease, they are more accurately viewed as life-extending treatments, although if chronic kidney disease is managed well with dialysis and a compatible graft is found early and is successfully transplanted, the clinical course can be quite favorable, with life expectancy of many years.
General reaction scheme for the S N 1 reaction. The leaving group is denoted "X", and the nucleophile is denoted "Nu–H". The unimolecular nucleophilic substitution (S N 1) reaction is a substitution reaction in organic chemistry.
Minimal change disease (MCD), also known as lipoid nephrosis or nil disease, among others, is a disease affecting the kidneys which causes nephrotic syndrome. [1] Nephrotic syndrome leads to the loss of significant amounts of protein to the urine (proteinuria), which causes the widespread edema (soft tissue swelling) and impaired kidney function commonly experienced by those affected by the ...
In chylomicron retention disease, the PCTV vesicles are competent for budding from the ER membrane but are defective for fusion with the cis-golgi body. Sar1B is a GTPase and one of the five proteins of the COPll coatomer. A mutation in the sar1B gene and subsequently the sar1B protein are the common genetic origins of chylomicron retention ...
Amyloid light-chain (AL) amyloidosis, also known as primary amyloidosis, is the most common form of systemic amyloidosis. [1] The disease is caused when a person's antibody-producing cells do not function properly and produce abnormal protein fibers made of components of antibodies called light chains. These light chains come together to form ...
Light chain MGUS is defined as a disorder in which a serum κ to λ free light chain ratio falls outside the normal range of 0.26–1.65 (mean =0.9) provided that it is not associated with: a) any of the CRAB criteria, b) a bone marrow plasma cell count of 10 or a higher percentage of nucleated cells, c) evidence of amyloid deposition (see ...
The severity of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is described by six stages; the most severe three are defined by the MDRD-eGFR value, and first three also depend on whether there is other evidence of kidney disease (e.g., proteinuria): 0) Normal kidney function – GFR above 90 (mL/min)/(1.73 m 2) and no proteinuria
Diabetic nephropathy, also known as diabetic kidney disease, [5] is the chronic loss of kidney function occurring in those with diabetes mellitus. Diabetic nephropathy is the leading causes of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) globally. The triad of protein leaking into the urine (proteinuria or albuminuria ...