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  2. Methanation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methanation

    Methanation is an important step in the creation of synthetic or substitute natural gas (SNG). [7] Coal or wood undergo gasification which creates a producer gas that must undergo methanation in order to produce a usable gas that just needs to undergo a final purification step.

  3. Sabatier reaction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabatier_reaction

    Paul Sabatier (1854-1941) winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1912 and discoverer of the reaction in 1897. The Sabatier reaction or Sabatier process produces methane and water from a reaction of hydrogen with carbon dioxide at elevated temperatures (optimally 300–400 °C) and pressures (perhaps 3 MPa [1]) in the presence of a nickel catalyst.

  4. Carbon dioxide reforming - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_dioxide_reforming

    [1] [2] Synthesis gas is conventionally produced via the steam reforming reaction or coal gasification. In recent years, increased concerns on the contribution of greenhouse gases to global warming have increased interest in the replacement of steam as reactant with carbon dioxide. [3] The dry reforming reaction may be represented by:

  5. Reaction mechanism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reaction_mechanism

    In chemistry, a reaction mechanism is the step by step sequence of elementary reactions by which overall chemical reaction occurs. [1] A chemical mechanism is a theoretical conjecture that tries to describe in detail what takes place at each stage of an overall chemical reaction. The detailed steps of a reaction are not observable in most cases.

  6. Methanol reformer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methanol_reformer

    A mixture of water and methanol with a molar concentration ratio (water:methanol) of 1.0 - 1.5 is pressurized to approximately 20 bar, vaporized and heated to a temperature of 250 - 360 °C. The hydrogen that is created is separated through the use of Pressure swing adsorption or a hydrogen-permeable membrane made of polymer or a palladium alloy.

  7. Rate-determining step - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rate-determining_step

    The second step with OH − is much faster, so the overall rate is independent of the concentration of OH −. In contrast, the alkaline hydrolysis of methyl bromide (CH 3 Br) is a bimolecular nucleophilic substitution (S N 2) reaction in a single bimolecular step. Its rate law is second-order: r = k[R−Br][OH −].

  8. Methane functionalization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methane_functionalization

    In order for this reaction to occur, the diazocompound must be very electrophilic, since the C-H bond is such a poor nucleophile as well as being an unactivated alkane. The reaction then proceeds in a concerted manner, where the C-H bond of the incoming molecule coordinates with the carbene carbon of the metallocarbene complex.

  9. Monsanto process - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monsanto_process

    The Monsanto process is an industrial method for the manufacture of acetic acid by catalytic carbonylation of methanol. [1] The Monsanto process has largely been supplanted by the Cativa process, a similar iridium-based process developed by BP Chemicals Ltd, which is more economical and environmentally friendly.