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The perfect indicative active tense is the third principal part given in Latin dictionaries. In most verbs it uses a different stem from the present tense; for example, the perfect tense of dūcō 'I lead' is dūxī 'I led'.
the first person singular of the present indicative active; the present infinitive active; the first person singular of the perfect indicative active; the supine or, in some grammars, the perfect passive participle, which uses the same stem. (Texts that list the perfect passive participle use the future active participle for intransitive verbs.)
The primary future is the future relative to the time of speech. For most verbs, the future is usually construed by a 'future indicative' verb as in faciam ('I will do'). '). In Early Latin, there was the 'sigmatic future indicative' faxō (also 'I will
INDICATIVE Active Passive Present dūcō dūcis dūcit dūcimus dūcitis dūcunt: I lead, I am leading you lead he/she/it leads we lead you pl. lead they lead dūcor dūceris dūcitur dūcimur dūciminī dūcuntur: I am led, I am being led you are led he/she/it is led we are led you pl. are led they are led Future dūcam dūcēs dūcet ...
The 'active infinitive' mode is often realised by a simple accusative future participle. The 'passive infinitive' mode can be realised by the ' īrī infinitive' paradigm of the perfect periphrasis, but this option is comparatively rare. [3] There are three additional future infinitive periphrases for both active and passive/deponent verbs.
Often, however, a future conditional uses the future perfect indicative, to refer to an event that must take place first before the consequence happens: haec sī attulerīs, cēnābis bene (Catullus) 'if you bring (lit. will have brought) these things, you will dine well' egō ad tē, sī quid audierō citius, scrībam. (Cicero) [53]
In Latin, most verbs have four principal parts.For example, the verb for "to carry" is given as portō – portāre – portāvī – portātum, where portō is the first-person singular present active indicative ("I carry"), portāre is the present active infinitive ("to carry"), portāvī is the first-person singular perfect active indicative ("I carried"), and portātum is the neuter supine.
The active future perfect periphrastic tense is not found, but the passive occurs: cum aedificandum fuerit, ante biennium ea saxa eximantur (Vitruvius) [13] 'whenever (at some future time) it is necessary for a building to be made (using local stone), the stones for it should be quarried two years in advance'