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Benzoic acid is cheap and readily available, so the laboratory synthesis of benzoic acid is mainly practiced for its pedagogical value. It is a common undergraduate preparation. Benzoic acid can be purified by recrystallization from water because of its high solubility in hot water and poor solubility in cold water. The avoidance of organic ...
The archetypal reaction is the alkaline hydrolysis of ethyl benzoate (R=R'=H) in a water/ethanol mixture at 30 °C. Measurement of the reaction rate k 0 combined with that of many substituted ethyl benzoates ultimately result in a reaction constant of +2.498. [3] [needs update] [non-primary source needed] Scheme 2. Hydrolysis of benzoic acid esters
Benzoic acid was shown to be genotoxic in vitro. [22] Benzoic acid therefore might have a role in benzotrichloride carcinogenicity, but benzotrichloride has more carcinogenic potential than benzoic acid, suggesting that an intermediate in hydrolysis is responsible for at least part of the carcinogenicity. [1]
Benzyl benzoate has low acute toxicity in laboratory animals. It is rapidly hydrolyzed to benzoic acid and benzyl alcohol. Benzyl alcohol is subsequently metabolized to benzoic acid. The conjugates of benzoic acid (hippuric acid and the glucuronide of benzoic acid) are rapidly eliminated in urine. [1]
Benzoic anhydride is the organic compound with the formula (C 6 H 5 CO) 2 O. It is the acid anhydride of benzoic acid and the simplest symmetrical aromatic acid anhydride. It is a white solid.
Ethyl benzoate, C 9 H 10 O 2, is an ester formed by the condensation of benzoic acid and ethanol. It is a colorless liquid that is almost insoluble in water, but miscible with most organic solvents. As with many volatile esters, ethyl benzoate has a pleasant odor described as sweet, wintergreen, fruity, medicinal, cherry and grape. [1]
Benzoyl chloride is produced from benzotrichloride using either water or benzoic acid: [2] C 6 H 5 CCl 3 + H 2 O → C 6 H 5 COCl + 2 HCl C 6 H 5 CCl 3 + C 6 H 5 CO 2 H → 2 C 6 H 5 COCl + HCl. As with other acyl chlorides, it can be generated from the parent acid and standard chlorinating agents such as phosphorus pentachloride, thionyl ...
Benzyl alcohol is produced industrially from toluene via benzyl chloride, which is hydrolyzed: . C 6 H 5 CH 2 Cl + H 2 O → C 6 H 5 CH 2 OH + HCl. Another route entails hydrogenation of benzaldehyde, a by-product of the oxidation of toluene to benzoic acid.
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