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Computer programming is the composition of sequences of instructions, called programs, that computers can follow to perform tasks. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It involves designing and implementing algorithms , step-by-step specifications of procedures, by writing code in one or more programming languages .
A programming language's surface form is known as its syntax. Most programming languages are purely textual; they use sequences of text including words, numbers, and punctuation, much like written natural languages. On the other hand, some programming languages are graphical, using visual relationships between symbols to specify a program.
The syntax of a computer program is a list of production rules which form its grammar. [96] A programming language's grammar correctly places its declarations, expressions, and statements. [97] Complementing the syntax of a language are its semantics. The semantics describe the meanings attached to various syntactic constructs. [98]
For example, some definitions focus on mental activities, and some on program structuring. One of the simpler definitions is that OOP is the act of using "map" data structures or arrays that can contain functions and pointers to other maps, all with some syntactic and scoping sugar on top. Inheritance can be performed by cloning the maps ...
Simple statements are complete in themselves; these include assignments, subroutine calls, and a few statements which may significantly affect the program flow of control (e.g. goto, return, stop/halt). In some languages, input and output, assertions, and exits are handled by special statements, while other languages use calls to predefined ...
In computer programming, a function (also procedure, method, subroutine, routine, or subprogram) is a callable unit [1] of software logic that has a well-defined interface and behavior and can be invoked multiple times. Callable units provide a powerful programming tool. [2]
In computing, a script is a relatively short and simple set of instructions that typically automate an otherwise manual process. The act of writing a script is called scripting. Scripting language or script language describes a programming language that is used for scripting. [1]
Simple English; Slovenčina; ... A pointer is a programming concept used in computer science to reference or point to a memory location that stores a value or an ...