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The lower hem of the garment was fringed with small golden bells alternating with pomegranate-shaped tassels of blue (turquoise), purple and scarlet wool (Exodus 28:33–34). The golden bells were a necessity, and they must ring when the High Priest entered the Holy of Holies on the Yom Kippur, lest he die (Exodus 28:35).
The High Priest wearing the sacred vestments, the ends of the Avnet are shown in red hanging at his feet. The kohen on one knee beside him is wearing the avnet wound around his waist. The priestly sash or girdle (Hebrew אַבְנֵט avnet) was part of the ritual garments worn by Jewish high priests who served in the Temple in Jerusalem.
The vestments that were unique to the high priest were the priestly robe, ephod (vest or apron), priestly breastplate, and priestly golden head plate. In addition to the above "golden garments", the high priest also had a set of white "linen garments" (bigdei ha-bad) which he wore only on Yom Kippur for the Yom Kippur Temple service. [20]
In the Book of Leviticus when Moses consecrates Aaron and his sons as High Priest and priests, respectively, the linen undergarments are not mentioned (Leviticus 8:7, Leviticus 8:13), [3] though their use is obviously presumed. There were four holy garments worn by both the priests and the High Priest alike:
That of the High Priest was embroidered (Exodus 28:39); those of the priests were plain (Exodus 28:40). On the Day of Atonement, the High priest would change into a special tunic made of fine linen that was not embroidered when he would enter the Holy of Holies. This tunic could only be used once, with a new set made for each year.
The high priest is the chief of all the priests; he should be anointed and invested with the priestly garments; but if the sacred oil were not obtainable, [36] investiture with the additional four garments is regarded as sufficient. [37] A high priest so invested is known as merubbeh begadim.
The garments of the Israelite priests and high priests are described, and prescribed, in detail in Leviticus. For the high priest these include a priestly tunic , linen undergarments , sash , robe , priestly turban , ephod (with Urim and Thummim ), and a priestly breastplate with 12 stones representing the twelve tribes of Israel .
Artist's conception of Jewish high priest wearing a hoshen in ancient Judah. According to the Biblical description, the twelve jewels in the breastplate were each to be made from specific minerals, none of them the same as another, and each of them representative of a specific tribe, whose name was to be inscribed on the stone.