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In the literature where adult learning theory is often identified as a principle or an assumption, there are a variety of different approaches and theories that are also evolving in view of evolving higher education instruction, workplace training, new technology and online learning (Omoregie, 2021). Malcolm Knowles identified these adult ...
Malcolm Shepherd Knowles (August 24, 1913 – November 27, 1997) was an American adult educator, famous for the adoption of the theory of andragogy—initially a term coined by the German teacher Alexander Kapp.
Malcolm Knowles's work distinguished adult learners as distinct from adolescent and child learners in his principle of andragogy. [2] He established 5 assumptions about the adult learner. This included self-concept, adult learner experience, readiness to learn, orientation to learning, and motivation to learning.
The psychology of learning refers to theories and research on how individuals learn. There are many theories of learning. Some take on a more behaviorist approach which focuses on inputs and reinforcements. [1] [2] [3] Other approaches, such as neuroscience and social cognition, focus more on how the brain's organization and structure influence ...
Further, Knowles suggests that these characteristics should be taken into consideration when designing programs for adults as well as facilitating their learning process. [22] Also, Knowles proposes a model of self-directed learning. [25] In Knowles's view, self-directed learning is a process.
Andragogy consists of learning strategies focused on adults. It is often interpreted as the process of engaging adult learners in the structure of the learning experience. Later, the term andragogy developed into a theory of adult education by the American educator, Malcolm Knowles. [1] Kapp used andragogy to describe elements of Plato's ...
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A theory of adult education proposed by the American educator Malcolm Knowles (April 24, 1913—November 27, 1997). Knowles held that andragogy (from the Greek words meaning "man-leading") should be distinguished from the more commonly taught pedagogy (Greek: "child-leading"). Anti-bias curriculum