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When these glands are active, they leave the nose and paw pads slightly moist and help these specialized skin features maintain their functional properties. [4] The odor associated with dog paw pads is much more noticeable on dogs with moist paw pads than on those with dry pads. Dogs also have numerous apocrine glands in their external ear canals.
The violet gland or supracaudal gland is a gland located on the upper surface of the tail of certain mammals, including European badgers and canids such as foxes, wolves, [1] and the domestic dog, [2] as well as the domestic cat. [3] Like many other mammalian secretion glands, the violet gland consists of modified sweat glands and sebaceous glands.
Pheromone-containing secretions from the preorbital gland may serve to establish an animal's dominance (especially in preparation for breeding), [4] mark its territory, or simply to produce a pleasurable sensation to the animal. [5] Because of its critical role in scent marking, the preorbital gland is usually considered as a type of scent gland.
A dogs acuity to a scent group is so refined they are able to discriminate humans by odour [7] and can even match certain scents to specific body parts of an individual. [8] Scent discrimination is most proficient while a human odour is fresh and becomes more difficult once an odour starts to fade. [6]
The fossa has several scent glands. Like herpestids it has a perianal skin gland inside an anal sac which surrounds the anus like a pocket. The pocket opens to the exterior with a horizontal slit below the tail. Other glands are located near the penis or vagina, with the penile glands emitting a strong odor. Like the herpestids, it has no ...
The rice-field rat (Rattus rattoides) displays self-anointing behaviour in response to the anal-gland secretions of the weasel Mustela sibirica; however, they do not respond to the faeces and urine of the red fox (Vulpes vulpes). Juvenile rats born in the laboratory with no experience of weasels also display self-anointing behaviour.
Dogs, which are reputed to have good sense of smell, [43] do not have the largest number of functional OR genes. [41] Additionally, pseudogenes may be functional; 67% of human OR pseudogenes are expressed in the main olfactory epithelium, where they possibly have regulatory roles in gene expression. [ 44 ]
Sebaceous glands line the human skin while apocrine glands are located around body hairs. [1] Compared to other primates, humans have extensive axillary hair and have many odor producing sources, in particular many apocrine glands. [18] In humans, the apocrine glands have the ability to secrete pheromones. These steroid compounds are produced ...