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Without the generalized Riemann hypothesis, there is no single value of a for which Artin's conjecture is proved. D. R. Heath-Brown proved in 1986 (Corollary 1) that at least one of 2, 3, or 5 is a primitive root modulo infinitely many primes p. [3] He also proved (Corollary 2) that there are at most two primes for which Artin's conjecture fails.
In modular arithmetic, a number g is a primitive root modulo n if every number a coprime to n is congruent to a power of g modulo n. That is, g is a primitive root modulo n if for every integer a coprime to n, there is some integer k for which g k ≡ a (mod n). Such a value k is called the index or discrete logarithm of a to the base g modulo n.
Artin's conjecture on primitive roots; The (now proved) conjecture that finite fields are quasi-algebraically closed; see Chevalley–Warning theorem; The (now disproved) conjecture that any algebraic form over the p-adics of degree d in more than d 2 variables represents zero: that is, that all p-adic fields are C 2; see Ax–Kochen theorem or ...
By analytic continuation, this function can be extended to a meromorphic function (only when is primitive) defined on the whole complex plane. The generalized Riemann hypothesis asserts that, for every Dirichlet character χ and every complex number s with L ( χ , s ) = 0 , if s is not a negative real number, then the real part of s is 1/2.
Download as PDF; Printable version; In other projects Wikidata item; Appearance. move to sidebar hide. ... Artin's conjecture on primitive roots; B. Bateman–Horn ...
It may also be defined as the monic polynomial with integer coefficients that is the minimal polynomial over the field of the rational numbers of any primitive nth-root of unity (/ is an example of such a root). An important relation linking cyclotomic polynomials and primitive roots of unity is
Conversely, if n is prime, then there exists a primitive root modulo n, or generator of the group (Z/nZ)*. Such a generator has order |(Z/nZ)*| = n−1 and both equivalences will hold for any such primitive root. Note that if there exists an a < n such that the first equivalence fails, a is called a Fermat witness for the compositeness of n.
Theorem 2 — For every positive integer n there exists a primitive λ-root modulo n. Moreover, if g is such a root, then there are φ ( λ ( n ) ) {\displaystyle \varphi (\lambda (n))} primitive λ -roots that are congruent to powers of g .