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During pregnancy, women with preeclampsia faces serious risk of damage to vital organs such as the kidneys, liver, brain, and the blood system. This hypertensive disorder may also cause damage to the placenta leading to issues such as premature births , miscarriages, placental abruption, or even stillbirths.
If more severe, it may be diagnosed as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Constipation – Constipation occurs in 11–38% of pregnant women. [30] Constipation during pregnancy is thought to be due to decreased smooth muscle motility in the bowel caused by normal increases in progesterone. [31]
[4] [5] Presence of these types of complications can have implications on monitoring lab work, imaging, and medical management during pregnancy. [4] Severe complications of pregnancy, childbirth, and the puerperium are present in 1.6% of mothers in the US, [6] and in 1.5% of mothers in Canada. [7]
With the brain, this process happens early in development, again during puberty, and pregnancy probably reflects another wave of cortical refinement.” Increase in brain white matter during pregnancy
During pregnancy the plasma volume increases by 40-50% and the red blood cell volume increases only by 20–30%. [22] These changes occur mostly in the second trimester and prior to 32 weeks gestation. [24] Due to dilution, the net result is a decrease in hematocrit or hemoglobin, which are measures of red blood cell concentration.
Hyperemesis gravidarum (HG) is a pregnancy complication that is characterized by severe nausea, vomiting, weight loss, and possibly dehydration. [1] Feeling faint may also occur. [2] It is considered a more severe form of morning sickness. [2] Symptoms often get better after the 20th week of pregnancy but may last the entire pregnancy duration.
A great deal of brain development happens during the fetal period in pregnancy and the progress happens rapidly in this stage. [11] Since there is such a large amount of growth occurring during this time-period in the child's life, there are a lot of outside factors in the environment that can affect this development. [11]
During this time, women are at increased risk of being constipated. Multiple studies estimate the prevalence of constipation to be around 25% during the first 3 months. [64] Constipation can cause discomfort for women, as they are still recovering from the delivery process especially if they have had a perineal tear or underwent an episiotomy. [65]