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  2. List of unsolved problems in neuroscience - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unsolved_problems...

    Consciousness: . How can consciousness be defined? What is the neural basis of subjective experience, cognition, wakefulness, alertness, arousal, and attention?. Binding problem: How exactly is it that objects, background, and abstract or emotional features are combined into a single experience?

  3. Dissipative system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dissipative_system

    A dissipative system is a thermodynamically open system which is operating out of, and often far from, thermodynamic equilibrium in an environment with which it exchanges energy and matter. A tornado may be thought of as a dissipative system. Dissipative systems stand in contrast to conservative systems.

  4. Lindbladian - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lindbladian

    For example, in the weak coupling limit derivation, one typically assumes that (a) correlations of the system with the environment develop slowly, (b) excitations of the environment caused by system decay quickly, and (c) terms which are fast-oscillating when compared to the system timescale of interest can be neglected.

  5. Glossary of systems theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_systems_theory

    Homeostasis: The property of either an open system or a closed system (especially a living organism) which regulates its internal environment so as to maintain a stable, constant condition. Human activity systems : Designed social systems organized for a purpose, which they attain by carrying out specific functions.

  6. AP Psychology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AP_Psychology

    Advanced Placement (AP) Psychology (also known as AP Psych) and its corresponding exam are part of the College Board's Advanced Placement Program. This course is tailored for students interested in the field of psychology and as an opportunity to earn Advanced Placement credit or exemption from a college -level psychology course.

  7. Open quantum system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_quantum_system

    In physics, an open quantum system is a quantum-mechanical system that interacts with an external quantum system, which is known as the environment or a bath.In general, these interactions significantly change the dynamics of the system and result in quantum dissipation, such that the information contained in the system is lost to its environment.

  8. Bogdanov map - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bogdanov_map

    Example with ε=0, k=1.2, μ=0. In dynamical systems theory , the Bogdanov map is a chaotic 2D map related to the Bogdanov–Takens bifurcation . It is given by the transformation:

  9. Psi-theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psi-Theory

    Perceptual and cognitive processing are directed and modulated by these drives, which allow the autonomous establishment and pursuit of goals in an open environment. Next to the motivational and emotional system, Psi-theory suggests a neuro-symbolic model of representation, which encodes semantic relationships in a hierarchical spreading ...