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Graphene is a transparent and flexible conductor that holds great promise for various material/device applications, including solar cells, [338] light-emitting diodes (LED), integrated photonic circuit devices, [339] [340] touch panels, and smart windows or phones. [341]
Graphene doped with various gaseous species (both acceptors and donors) can be returned to an undoped state by gentle heating in vacuum. [22] [24] Even for dopant concentrations in excess of 10 12 cm −2 carrier mobility exhibits no observable change. [24] Graphene doped with potassium in ultra-high vacuum at low temperature can reduce ...
Neither of the earlier observations was sufficient to launch the "graphene gold rush" that awaited macroscopic samples of extracted atomic planes. One of the first patents pertaining to the production of graphene was filed in October 2002 and granted in 2006. [24] It detailed one of the first large scale graphene production processes.
Single-layer materials derived from single elements generally carry the -ene suffix in their names, e.g. graphene. Single-layer materials that are compounds of two or more elements have -ane or -ide suffixes. 2D materials can generally be categorized as either 2D allotropes of various elements or as compounds (consisting of two or more ...
So far, the graphene plasmonic effects have been demonstrated for different applications ranging from light modulation [15] [16] to biological/chemical sensing. [17] [18] [19] High-speed photodetection at 10 Gbit/s based on graphene and 20-fold improvement on the detection efficiency through graphene/gold nanostructure were also reported. [20]
Forget LED light bulbs... in the future, your lighting may be made from carbon. Columbia University researchers have built a light bulb chip that superheats graphene to produce illumination.
Graphene is the only form of carbon (or solid material) in which every atom is available for chemical reaction from two sides (due to the 2D structure). Atoms at the edges of a graphene sheet have special chemical reactivity. Graphene has the highest ratio of edge atoms of any allotrope. Defects within a sheet increase its chemical reactivity. [1]
Conductive ink is an ink that results in a printed object which conducts electricity. It is typically created by infusing graphite or other conductive materials into ink. [ 1 ] There has been a growing interest in replacing metallic materials with nanomaterials due to the emergence of nanotechnology.