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In Poland, the first system for denoting abbreviated dates used Roman numerals for months (e.g., 11 XI 1918 for Independence Day).The current year can be replaced by the abbreviation br. (bieżący rok; current year) and the current month can similarly be replaced by the abbreviation bm. (bieżący miesiąc; current month), in which case the year is omitted altogether. [1]
The Slavic names of the months have been preserved by a number of Slavic people in a variety of languages. The conventional month names in some of these languages are mixed, including names which show the influence of the Germanic calendar (particularly Slovene, Sorbian, and Polabian) [1] or names which are borrowed from the Gregorian calendar (particularly Polish and Kashubian), but they have ...
d – one-digit day of the month for days below 10, e.g. 2; dd – two-digit day of the month, e.g. 02; ddd – three-letter abbreviation for day of the week, e.g. Fri; dddd – day of the week spelled out in full, e.g. Friday; Separators of the components: / – oblique stroke (slash). – full stop, dot or point (period)-– hyphen (dash ...
The system was later replaced by the New Polish measurement [system] introduced on January 1, 1819. The traditional Polish systems of weights and measures were later replaced with those of surrounding nations (due to the Partitions of Poland ), only to be replaced with metric system by the end of the 19th century (between 1872 and 1876).
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The Jewish Genealogical Society of Illinois, publisher of the book, released a third, revised edition in 2009. [4] Set in larger type, it further expands the topical lists, includes a map, and provides information about census records and how the Polish language works (including an explanation of case endings and name suffixes).
The language is written using the Polish alphabet, which derives from the Latin alphabet, but includes some additional letters with diacritics. [1]: 6 The orthography is mostly phonetic, or rather phonemic—the written letters (or combinations of them) correspond in a consistent manner to the sounds, or rather the phonemes, of
Poles began writing in the 12th century using the Latin alphabet. [1] This alphabet, however, was ill-equipped to deal with Polish phonology, particularly the palatal consonants (now written as ś, ź, ć, dź), the retroflex group (now sz, ż, and cz) as well as the nasal vowels (now written as ą, ę).