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  2. Magneto-optic effect - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magneto-optic_effect

    A magneto-optic effect is any one of a number of phenomena in which an electromagnetic wave propagates through a medium that has been altered by the presence of a quasistatic magnetic field. In such a medium, which is also called gyrotropic or gyromagnetic , left- and right-rotating elliptical polarizations can propagate at different speeds ...

  3. Gyroscope - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gyroscope

    Essentially, a gyroscope is a top combined with a pair of gimbals. Tops were invented in many different civilizations, including classical Greece, Rome, and China. [5] Most of these were not utilized as instruments. The first known apparatus similar to a gyroscope (the "Whirling Speculum" or "Serson's Speculum") was invented by John Serson in ...

  4. Gyromagnetic ratio - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gyromagnetic_ratio

    The spinning electron model here is analogous to a gyroscope. For any rotating body the rate of change of the angular momentum equals the applied torque : =. Note as an example the precession of a gyroscope. The earth's gravitational attraction applies a force or torque to the gyroscope in the vertical direction, and the angular momentum vector ...

  5. Larmor precession - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larmor_precession

    In nuclear physics the g-factor of a given system includes the effect of the nucleon spins, their orbital angular momenta, and their couplings. Generally, the g-factors are very difficult to calculate for such many-body systems, but they have been measured to high precision for most nuclei. The Larmor frequency is important in NMR spectroscopy ...

  6. Quantum gyroscope - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_gyroscope

    A quantum gyroscope is a very sensitive device to measure angular rotation based on quantum mechanical principles. The first of these was built by Richard Packard and his colleagues at the University of California, Berkeley. The extreme sensitivity means that theoretically, a larger version could detect effects like minute changes in the ...

  7. Gyrokinetics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gyrokinetics

    The third term contains the effects of cross-field particle drifts, including the curvature drift, the grad-B drift, and the lowest order E-cross-B drift. The fourth term represents the nonlinear effect of the perturbed drift interacting with the distribution function perturbation. The fifth term uses a collision operator to include the effects ...

  8. Gyrocompass - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gyrocompass

    A gyroscope is an essential component of a gyrocompass, but they are different devices; a gyrocompass is built to use the effect of gyroscopic precession, which is a distinctive aspect of the general gyroscopic effect. [2] [3] Gyrocompasses, such as the fibre optic gyrocompass are widely used to provide a heading for navigation on ships. [4]

  9. Lense–Thirring precession - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lense–Thirring_precession

    In general relativity, Lense–Thirring precession or the Lense–Thirring effect (Austrian German: [ˈlɛnsɛ ˈtɪrɪŋ]; named after Josef Lense and Hans Thirring) is a relativistic correction to the precession of a gyroscope near a large rotating mass such as the Earth. It is a gravitomagnetic frame-dragging effect.