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An asynchronous (ripple) counter is a "chain" of toggle (T) flip-flops in which the least-significant flip-flop (bit 0) is clocked by an external signal (the counter input clock), and all other flip-flops are clocked by the output of the nearest, less significant flip-flop (e.g., bit 0 clocks the bit 1 flip-flop, bit 1 clocks the bit 2 flip ...
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A full adder can be viewed as a 3:2 lossy compressor: it sums three one-bit inputs and returns the result as a single two-bit number; that is, it maps 8 input values to 4 output values. (the term "compressor" instead of "counter" was introduced in [13])Thus, for example, a binary input of 101 results in an output of 1 + 0 + 1 = 10 (decimal ...
synchronous presettable up/down 4-bit decade counter 16 SN74LS190: 74x191 1 synchronous presettable up/down 4-bit binary counter 16 SN74LS191: 74x192 1 synchronous presettable up/down 4-bit decade counter, clear 16 SN74LS192: 74x193 1 synchronous presettable up/down 4-bit binary counter, clear 16 SN74LS193: 74x194 1
English: A 4-bit ripple carry adder-subtracter that adds A+B when D=0 and subtracts B-A when D=1. Date: 20 December 2006: Source: Own work .
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An example of a 4-bit Kogge–Stone adder is shown in the diagram. Each vertical stage produces a "propagate" and a "generate" bit, as shown. The culminating generate bits (the carries) are produced in the last stage (vertically), and these bits are XOR'd with the initial propagate after the input (the red boxes) to produce the sum bits. E.g., the first (least-significant) sum bit is ...