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Spinal cord injury without radiographic abnormality (SCIWORA) is symptoms of a spinal cord injury (SCI) with no evidence of injury to the spinal column on X-rays or CT scan. [4] [5] Symptoms may include numbness, weakness, abnormal reflexes, or loss of bladder or bowel control. [2] Neck or back pain is also common. [3] Symptoms may be brief or ...
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a medical imaging technique used in radiology to generate pictures of the anatomy and the physiological processes inside the body. MRI scanners use strong magnetic fields , magnetic field gradients, and radio waves to form images of the organs in the body.
Magnetic resonance myelography (MR myelography or MRI myelography) is a noninvasive medical imaging technique that can provide anatomic information about the subarachnoid space. It is a type of MRI examination that uses a contrast medium and magnetic resonance imaging scanner to detect pathology of the spinal cord , including the location of a ...
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) of the spinal cord (spinal fMRI) is an adaptation of the fMRI method that has been developed for use in the brain. Although the basic principles underlying the methods are the same, spinal fMRI requires a number of specific adaptations to accommodate the periodic motion of the spinal cord, the small cross-sectional dimensions (roughly 8 mm × 15 mm ...
In Pakistan, spinal cord injury is more common in males (92.68%) as compared to females in the 20–30 years of age group with a median age of 40 years, although people from 12–70 years of age suffered from spinal cord injury [73] Rates of injury are at their lowest in children, at their highest in the late teens to early twenties, then get ...
The 4D imaging modality adds time as a dimension to the 3D image. There are many applications of 4D PC-MRI, including the ability to examine blood flow patterns. This is particularly helpful for cardiac and aortic imaging, but the major limitation remains the image acquisition time.
US guidelines, on the other hand, recommend CT in all cases where medical imaging is indicated, and that X-ray is only acceptable where CT is not readily available. [7] Magnetic resonance imaging may be useful if it is necessary to exclude a ligament injury. [8] The indication for MR spine is a focal neurological deficit.
A head injury is any injury that results in trauma to the skull or brain. The terms traumatic brain injury and head injury are often used interchangeably in the medical literature. [ 1 ] Because head injuries cover such a broad scope of injuries, there are many causes—including accidents, falls, physical assault, or traffic accidents—that ...