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Acoustic trauma is the sustainment of an injury to the eardrum as a result of a very loud noise. Its scope usually covers loud noises with a short duration, such as an explosion, gunshot or a burst of loud shouting. Quieter sounds that are concentrated in a narrow frequency may also cause damage to specific frequency receptors. [1]
The acoustic reflex threshold (ART) is the sound pressure level (SPL) from which a sound stimulus with a given frequency will trigger the acoustic reflex. The ART is a function of sound pressure level and frequency. People with normal hearing have an acoustic reflex threshold (ART) around 70–100 dB SPL.
A classic filter used to remove impulse noise is the median filter, at the expense of signal degradation. Thus it's quite common to get better performing impulse noise filters with model-based systems, which are programmed with the time and frequency properties of the noise to remove only impulse obliterated samples. [5]
The ear can be exposed to short periods of sound in excess of 120 dB without permanent harm — albeit with discomfort and possibly pain — but long term exposure to sound levels over 85 dB(A) can cause permanent hearing loss. [31] There are two basic types of NIHL: NIHL caused by acoustic trauma; NIHL that gradually develops.
The risk of negative health effects from sound exposures (be it noise or music) is primarily determined by the intensity of the sound , duration of the event, and frequency of that exposure. [9] These three factors characterize the overall sound energy level that reaches a person's ears and can be used to calculate a noise dose.
A graph of the A-, B-, C- and D-weightings across the frequency range 10 Hz – 20 kHz Video illustrating A-weighting by analyzing a sine sweep (contains audio). A-weighting is a form of frequency weighting and the most commonly used of a family of curves defined in the International standard IEC 61672:2003 and various national standards relating to the measurement of sound pressure level. [1]
Babies with multilingual mothers process sound differently in their brains and are more sensitive to a wider range of pitches, according to a study published in Frontiers in Human Neuroscience.
A long-range acoustic device (LRAD), acoustic hailing device (AHD) or sound cannon is a specialized loudspeaker that produces sound at high power for communicating at a distance. It has been used as a method of crowd control , which has caused permanent hearing damage , having an extremely high decibel capacity (up to 160 dB measured at one ...