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Iron deficiency, or sideropenia, is the state in which a body lacks enough iron to supply its needs. Iron is present in all cells in the human body and has several vital functions, such as carrying oxygen to the tissues from the lungs as a key component of the hemoglobin protein, acting as a transport medium for electrons within the cells in the form of cytochromes, and facilitating oxygen ...
Iron-deficiency anemia is anemia caused by a lack of iron. [3] Anemia is defined as a decrease in the number of red blood cells or the amount of hemoglobin in the blood. [3] When onset is slow, symptoms are often vague such as feeling tired, weak, short of breath, or having decreased ability to exercise. [1]
LID is present in Stages 1 and 2, before anemia occurs in Stage 3. These first two Stages can be interpreted as depletion of iron stores and reduction of effective iron transport. [4] Stage 1 – Characterized by loss of iron stores in the bone marrow while hemoglobin and serum iron levels remain normal. Serum ferritin falls to less than 20 ng/mL.
Pernicious anemia due to autoimmune problems occurs in about one per 1000 people in the US. Among those over the age of 60, about 2% have the condition. [8] It more commonly affects people of northern European descent. [2] Women are more commonly affected than men. [15] With proper treatment, most people live normal lives. [5]
Anemia affects 27% of the world's population with iron-deficiency anemia accounting for more than 60% of it. [116] A moderate degree of iron-deficiency anemia affected approximately 610 million people worldwide or 8.8% of the population. [14] It is somewhat more common in females (9.9%) than males (7.8%). [14]
According to the World Health Organization, hemoglobin levels below 12 g/dl in women and 13 mg/dl in men indicate anemia. [175] The NHANES III survey found that anemia affects 10.2% of women and 11% of men over 65, with prevalence increasing with age.
For most substances presented, the optimal levels are the ones normally found in the population as well. More specifically, optimal levels are generally close to a central tendency of the values found in the population. However, usual and optimal levels may differ substantially, most notably among vitamins and blood lipids, so these tables give ...
The most common causes of microcytic anemia are iron deficiency (due to inadequate dietary intake, gastrointestinal blood loss, or menstrual blood loss), thalassemia, sideroblastic anemia or chronic disease. In iron deficiency anemia (microcytic anemia), it can be as low as 60 to 70 femtolitres
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