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The pressure must be controlled, especially with grapes, in order to avoid crushing the seeds and releasing a great deal of undesirable tannins into the wine. [1] Wine was being made at least as long ago as 4000 BC; in 2011, a winepress was unearthed in Armenia with red wine dated 6,000 years old. [2]
That style of wine press would eventually evolve into the basket press used in the Middle Ages by wine estates of the nobility and Catholic Church. [9] There are many church records that showed feudal land tenants were willing to pay a portion of their crop to use a landlord's wine press if it was available. This was likely because added volume ...
One of the first written accounts of a mechanical wine press was from the 2nd century BC Roman writer Marcus Cato. One of the earliest known Greek wine presses was discovered in Palekastro in Crete and dated to the Mycenaean period (1600–1100 BC). Like most of the earlier presses, it was mainly a stone basin for treading the grapes by feet ...
Other products include cider vinegar, (hard) cider, apple wine, apple brandy, and apple jack. The traditional cider press is a ram press. Apples are ground up and placed in a cylinder, and a piston exerts pressure. The cylinder and/or piston in a traditional cider press is designed to allow the juice to escape while retaining the solid matter.
Dated to c. 4100 BC, the site contained a wine press, fermentation vats, jars, and cups. [34] [2] [35] [36] Archaeologists also found V. vinifera seeds and vines. Commenting on the importance of the find, McGovern said, "The fact that winemaking was already so well developed in 4000 BC suggests that the technology probably goes back much earlier."
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The press wine is blended with the free run wine at the winemaker's discretion. The wine is then kept warm and the remaining sugars are converted into alcohol and carbon dioxide. The next process in the making of red wine is malolactic conversion , a bacterial process which converts "crisp, green apple" malic acid to "soft, creamy" lactic acid ...
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