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The state produces 99% of the nation's filberts or hazelnuts, with the preferred name depending on who you ask.
The beaked hazelnut is named for its fruit, which is a nut enclosed in a husk with a tubular extension 2–4 cm (3 ⁄ 4 – 1 + 1 ⁄ 2 in) long that resembles a beak. Tiny filaments protrude from the husk and may stick into, and irritate, skin that contacts them. The spherical nuts are small and surrounded by a hard shell.
Corylus colurna is however important in commercial hazelnut orchards, as it does not sucker, making it the ideal rootstock on which to graft the nut-bearing common hazel cultivars. The nut can only be found on female trees. Nut production is irregular and occurs every two to three years [4]
Cracked hazelnut shell displaying the edible seed Hazelnut tree, Turkey. A hazelnut cob is roughly spherical to oval, about 15–25 millimetres (5 ⁄ 8 –1 inch) long and 10–15 mm (3 ⁄ 8 – 5 ⁄ 8 in) in diameter, with an outer fibrous husk surrounding a smooth shell, while a filbert is more elongated, being about twice as long as its diameter.
Common hazel is typically a shrub reaching 3–8 metres (10–26 feet) tall, but can reach 15 m (49 ft). The leaves are deciduous, rounded, 6–12 centimetres (2 + 1 ⁄ 2 – 4 + 1 ⁄ 2 inches) long and across, softly hairy on both surfaces, and with a double-serrate margin.
In Oregon, "filbert" is used for commercial hazelnuts in general. Use in this manner has faded partly due to the efforts of Oregon's hazelnut growers to brand their product to better appeal to global markets and avoid confusion. [6] [7] The etymology for 'filbert' may trace to Norman French.
Corylus americana, the American hazelnut [3] or American hazel, [4] is a species of deciduous shrub in the genus Corylus, native to the eastern and central United States and extreme southern parts of eastern and central Canada.
[6] [7] The fruit of the hazel is the hazelnut. Hazels have simple, rounded leaves with double-serrate margins. The flowers are produced very early in spring before the leaves, and are monoecious, with single-sex catkins.