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Recombinant DNA (rDNA) molecules are DNA molecules formed by laboratory methods of genetic recombination (such as molecular cloning) that bring together genetic material from multiple sources, creating sequences that would not otherwise be found in the genome.
Molecular cloning takes advantage of the fact that the chemical structure of DNA is fundamentally the same in all living organisms. Therefore, if any segment of DNA from any organism is inserted into a DNA segment containing the molecular sequences required for DNA replication, and the resulting recombinant DNA is introduced into the organism from which the replication sequences were obtained ...
In genetic engineering, recombination can also refer to artificial and deliberate recombination of disparate pieces of DNA, often from different organisms, creating what is called recombinant DNA. A prime example of such a use of genetic recombination is gene targeting, which can be used to add, delete or otherwise change an organism's genes.
By combining the two enzymes it became possible to "cut and paste" DNA sequences to create recombinant DNA. Plasmids, discovered in 1952, [6] became important tools for transferring information between cells and replicating DNA sequences.
Recombinant DNA (rDNA), or molecular cloning, is the process by which a single gene, or segment of DNA, is isolated and amplified. Recombinant DNA is also known as in vitro recombination . A cloning vector is a DNA molecule that carries foreign DNA into a host cell , where it replicates, producing many copies of itself along with the foreign DNA.
Many methods for introducing DNA sequences into organisms to create recombinant DNA and genetically modified organisms use the process of homologous recombination. [117] Also called gene targeting, the method is especially common in yeast and mouse genetics.
The usage of recombinant DNA technology is a process of this work. [1] The process involves creating recombinant DNA molecules through manipulating a DNA sequence. [1] That DNA created is then in contact with a host organism. Cloning is also an example of genetic engineering. [1]
The first recombinant DNA molecule was made by Paul Berg in 1972 by combining DNA from the monkey virus SV40 with the lambda virus. As well as inserting genes, the process can be used to remove, or "knock out", genes. The new DNA can be inserted randomly, or targeted to a specific part of the genome. [1]