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Microtia is a congenital deformity where the auricle (external ear) is underdeveloped. A completely undeveloped auricle is referred to as anotia. Because microtia and anotia have the same origin, it can be referred to as microtia-anotia. [1] Microtia can be unilateral (one side only) or bilateral (affecting both sides).
The isolated cause, a cause not associated with a syndrome, of anotia or microtia is not known, though it is believed to be of genetic basis. Developmentally, anotia/microtia occurs when certain tissues associated with the auricle do not develop. This rare defect may occur as part of a syndrome or as an isolated abnormality.
[1] Freudenthal initially described these species in the genus Microtia in 1976 [ 1 ] (with reference to Microtus , a vole with similar teeth), but later the same scholar renamed the genus to Mikrotia in 2006, [ 2 ] since the name Microtia was already preoccupied by a butterfly genus named in 1864.
The Lanterman Developmental Disabilities Services Act, a state law that passed in 1969, entitles any person with developmental disabilities to the services and support needed to have a full and ...
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Johnson–McMillin syndrome, also known as Johnson neuroectodermal syndrome, is a neuroectodermal syndrome characterized by conductive hearing loss and alopecia, microtia, conductive hearing loss, anosmia/hyposmia, and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. [2] [3]
Hemifacial microsomia (HFM) is a congenital disorder that affects the development of the lower half of the face, most commonly the ears, the mouth and the mandible.It usually occurs on one side of the face, but both sides are sometimes affected.