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The Upanishads (/ ʊ ˈ p ʌ n ɪ ʃ ə d z /; [1] Sanskrit: उपनिषद्, IAST: Upaniṣad, pronounced [ˈʊpɐnɪʂɐd]) are late Vedic and post-Vedic Sanskrit texts that "document the transition from the archaic ritualism of the Veda into new religious ideas and institutions" [2] and the emergence of the central religious concepts of Hinduism.
The Sanskrit text is one of the 20 Sannyasa Upanishads, and is attached to the Shukla Yajurveda. The Jabala Upanishad is an ancient text, composed before 300 CE and likely around the 3rd century BCE. [4] It is among the oldest Upanishads that discuss the subject of renouncing the worldly life for the exclusive pursuit of spiritual knowledge.
The Maitreya Upanishad (Sanskrit: मैत्रेय उपनिषत्, IAST: Maitreya Upaniṣad) is one of the minor Upanishads of Hinduism. Composed in Sanskrit, [2] it is one of the 16 Upanishads that belongs to the Samaveda, is classified as one of the 20 Sannyasa Upanishads (Renunciation), [3] and is one of the Vedanta Upanishads. [4]
The text is composed in poetic verse style, and uses metaphors. [21]It opens by declaring Vishnu as a great Yogin. [22] The Upanishad describes silence as "the highest place"; it states that there is a soul in every living being just like there is fragrance in flowers, oil in oil-seeds and butter in milk; [23] and that a Yogi must seek to understand the tree branch and the tree, the part as ...
The Kaivalya Upanishad, remarks Deussen, is from the group of five Upanishads which extol and assert god Shiva as a symbolism for Atman (Self). [6] These five Upanishads – Atharvashiras, Atharvashikha, Nilarudra, Kalagnirudra and Kaivalya – are ancient, with Nilarudra likely the oldest and Kaivalya the relatively later era 1st millennium BCE Upanishad, composed closer to Shvetashvatara ...
Isha Upanishad has been chronologically listed by them as being among early Upanishads to being one among the middle Upanishads. Deussen [ 14 ] suggested, for example, that Isha was composed after ancient prose Upanishads – Brihadaranyaka, Chandogya, Taittiriya, Aitareya, Kaushitaki and Kena; during a period when metrical poem-like Upanishads ...
The text is attached to the Rig Veda, [4] and is one of the 20 Sannyasa (renunciation) Upanishads. [9] It is a short text and notable for its distilled, aphoristic presentation with metaphors and allegories. [10] [11]
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