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In the Roman army during classical antiquity, a centurion (/ s ɛ n ˈ tj ʊər i ə n /; Latin: centurio [kɛn̪ˈt̪ʊrioː], pl. centuriones ; Ancient Greek : κεντυρίων , romanized : kentyríōn , or Ancient Greek: ἑκατόνταρχος , romanized: hekatóntarkhos ), was a commander, nominally of a century ( Latin : centuria ...
The vine staff, vine-staff, or centurion's staff [1] (Latin: vitis) [2] was a vinewood rod of about 1 m (3 ft) in length used in the ancient Roman army [3] [4] and navy. [5] It was the mark and tool of the centurion : [ 6 ] both as an implement in the direction of drill and maneuvers [ citation needed ] ; and to beat wayward or laggard soldiers ...
A historical reenactor in Roman centurion costume. The rank of centurion was an officer grade that held much responsibility. The most senior centurion in a legion was known as the primus pilus (lit. "first maniple" [20]), who directly commanded the first century of the first cohort and commanded the whole
Cornelius was a centurion in the Cohors II Italica Civium Romanorum, mentioned as Cohors Italica in the Vulgate. [3] [4] He was stationed in Caesarea, the capital of Roman Iudaea province. [5] He is depicted in the New Testament as a God-fearing man [6] who always prayed and was full of good works and deeds of alms.
Cassius Chaerea - centurion; Lucius Artorius Castus - general in Britain, possible basis for King Arthur; Lucius Sergius Catilina - conspirator; Titus Catius - writer; Cato, Marcus Porcius - the Elder, censor; Cato, Marcus Porcius - the Younger, politician, leader of the conservative faction; Gaius Porcius Cato - two; consul, tribune
Lucius Vorenus and Titus Pullo, or rather Lucius Varenus and Titus Pulfio [1] were two Roman centurions mentioned in the personal writings of Julius Caesar.Although it is sometimes stated they were members of the 11th Legion (Legio XI Claudia), Caesar never states the number of the legion concerned, giving only the words in ea legione ("in that legion").
The primus pilus (lit. "first maniple of triarii" [1]) or primipilus was the senior centurion of the first cohort in a Roman legion, [2] [3] a formation of five double-strength centuries of 160 men each; [4] he was a career soldier and advisor to the legate. The primus pilus would remain in command for one year.
After the adoption of the manipular Roman army in 340 BC the centuria took a backseat to the maniple as the main military unit used by the Roman army. In Livy's The History of Rome and Polybius' Histories, centuria do not appear by name but both writers do mention subdivisions of the maniple of around 60 men that centurions commanded.