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Chromaffin cells (or pheochromocytes): These cells will migrate to the area adjacent to the sympathetic ganglia (hence the name paraganglia) and to the adrenal medulla where they will be the most abundant type of cells. The largest extra-adrenal cluster of chromaffin cells in mammals is the organ of Zuckerkandl. [4]
A paraganglion (pl. paraganglia) is a group of non-neuronal cells derived of the neural crest. They are named for being generally in close proximity to sympathetic ganglia. They are essentially of two types: (1) chromaffin or sympathetic paraganglia made of chromaffin cells and (2) nonchromaffin or parasympathetic paraganglia made of glomus cells.
Chromaffin cells are derived from the embryonic neural crest, and are modified postganglionic sympathetic neurons. [1] They are modified postganglionic sympathetic neurons of the autonomic nervous system that have lost their axons and dendrites , receiving innervation from corresponding preganglionic fibers .
Chromaffin cells, neuroendocrine cells in the adrenal medulla. Chromophil cells, hormone producing cells showing chromaffin granules that readily absorb chromium stains. Topics referred to by the same term
Metastatic pheochromocytoma is defined as the presence of tumor cells (chromaffin tissue) where they are not normally found. [133] Patients with a paraganglioma are more likely to develop metastases than those with a pheochromocytoma. [134] The most common extra-adrenal sites of metastases are the lymph nodes, lung, liver, and bone. [135]
Examples of cells producing chromogranin-A (CgA) are chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla, paraganglia, enterochromaffin-like cells and beta cells of the pancreas. It is present in islet beta cell secretory granules. chromogranin-A (CgA)+ Pulmonary neuroendocrine cells account for 0.41% of all epithelial cells in the conducting airway, but are absent from the alveoli.
Chromaffin cells contained in the adrenal medulla act as postganglionic nerve fibers that release this chemical response into the blood as a circulating messenger. The sympathoadrenal system can activate and discharge chemical messengers as a single unit to activate an organism's “fight or flight” response.
Given the fact that they originate from cells of the orthosympathetic system, paragangliomas are closely related to pheochromocytomas, which however are chromaffin-positive. [ citation needed ] Gallium-68 DOTATATE PET/CT imaging modality may be used to confirm the presence of a paraganglioma.