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The largest application of fluorine gas, consuming up to 7,000 metric tons annually, is in the preparation of UF 6 for the nuclear fuel cycle. Fluorine is used to fluorinate uranium tetrafluoride, itself formed from uranium dioxide and hydrofluoric acid. [185] Fluorine is monoisotopic, so any mass differences between UF
Perfluorocarbons (PFCs) are the compounds consisting of fluorine and carbon. They are widely used in the electronics, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries, as well as in refrigeration when combined with other gases. PFCs were commonly used as fire extinguishants in the past and are still found in older fire protection systems.
Fluorine cell room at F2 Chemicals, Preston, England. Commercial producers of fluorine gas continue to use the method of electrolysis pioneered by Moissan, with some modifications in the cell design. Owing to the gas's corrosiveness, special containment materials and handling precautions are required.
The carbon–fluorine bond of the smaller molecules is formed in three principal ways: Fluorine replaces a halogen or hydrogen, or adds across a multiple bond. The direct reaction of hydrocarbons with fluorine gas can be dangerously reactive, so the temperature may need to be lowered even to −150 °C (−240 °F). [115] "
Some materials are dangerous to use as a gas; for example, fluorine is highly reactive and industrial chemistry requiring fluorine often uses hydrogen fluoride (or hydrofluoric acid) instead. Another approach to overcoming gas reactivity is to generate the gas as and when required, which is done, for example, with ozone.
“The use of these pesticides may also partially explain some of the unidentified PFAS ... “Fluorine gas is put into a plastic container, and the fluorine reacts with the surface to make it ...
For example, R-22 has one carbon atom, one hydrogen atom (2−1 = 1), two fluorine atoms, and one chlorine atom (4−2−1 = 1), so it is chlorodifluoromethane, while R-134 has two carbon atoms (2−1 = 1), two hydrogen atoms (3−1 = 2), four fluorine atoms, and no chlorine atoms (6−2−4 = 0), so it is one of the tetrafluoroethanes. This ...
The researchers discovered that all of the 13 bands that advertised that they were made from fluoroelastomers contained fluorine, which indicates the potential presence of PFAS. Two of the nine ...