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Rhythmic movement disorder (RMD) is a neurological disorder characterized by repetitive movements of large muscle groups immediately before and during sleep often involving the head and neck. It was independently described first in 1905 by Zappert as jactatio capitis nocturna and by Cruchet as rhythmie du sommeil . [ 1 ]
With paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea specifically, it is felt while sleeping and causes a person to wake up after about 1 to 2 hours of sleep. [ 3 ] More serious forms of dyspnea can be identified through accompanying findings, such as low blood pressure, decreased respiratory rate, altered mental status, hypoxia, cyanosis, stridor, or unstable ...
Treatment for irregular sleep–wake rhythm tries to enable the body clock in the brain, such that a normal long sleep period at night can be achieved. Education about sleep hygiene is important, and counseling can be helpful. Melatonin, vitamin B 12, sleep aids, wake aids, and other medications may also be used.
ICD-9 [10] Organic sleep disorder, nonorganic sleep disorder and as symptom of other diseases 1979 Nosology Clinical classification into four major groups: Disorder of initiating and maintaining sleep (DIMS) - Insomnias, Disorder of Excessive sleep (DOES) - Hypersomnias, Disorder of sleep-wake schedule (Circadian rhythm disorders) and Parasomnias
Patients may take self-protection measures by tethering themselves to bed, using pillow barricades, or sleeping in an empty room on a mattress. [10] Besides ensuring the sleep environment is a safe place, pharmacologic therapy using melatonin and clonazepam is also common as a treatment for RBD, even though they might not eliminate all abnormal ...
Sleeping late on weekends, and/or taking long naps during the day, may give people with DSPD relief from daytime sleepiness. [citation needed] People with DSPD can be called "night owls". They feel most alert and say they function best and are most creative in the evening and at night. People with DSPD cannot simply force themselves to sleep early.
These movements can lead the patient to wake up, and if so, sleep interruption can be the origin of excessive daytime sleepiness. [2] PLMD is characterized by increased periodic limb movements during sleep, which must coexist with a sleep disturbance or other functional impairment, in an explicit cause-effect relationship.
Individuals with exploding head syndrome hear or experience loud imagined noises as they are falling asleep or are waking up, have a strong, often frightened emotional reaction to the sound, and do not report significant pain; around 10% of people also experience visual disturbances like perceiving visual static, lightning, or flashes of light.