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Schizophrenia is a mental disorder [17] [7] characterized variously by hallucinations (typically, hearing voices), delusions, disorganized thinking and behavior, [10] and flat or inappropriate affect. [7]
Some of the early developmental differences were identified in the first year of life in a study in Finland, although generally related to all psychotic disorders rather than schizophrenia specifically. [107] The early subtle motor signs persisted to some extent, showing a small link to later school performance in adolescence. [108]
The causes of schizophrenia that underlie the development of schizophrenia, a psychiatric disorder, are complex and not clearly understood.A number of hypotheses including the dopamine hypothesis, and the glutamate hypothesis have been put forward in an attempt to explain the link between altered brain function and the symptoms and development of schizophrenia.
This model of developmental instability is compatible with the diathesis–stress model. For those who argue that schizophrenia and other frontal lobe disorders are connected to delayed cerebral maturation, this pathophysiological model explains schizophrenia as one unwanted extreme of normal variation. [9]
The scientific study of the causes of developmental disorders involves many theories. Some of the major differences between these theories involves whether environment disrupts normal development, if abnormalities are pre-determined, or if they are products of human evolutionary history which become disorders in modern environments (see evolutionary psychiatry). [5]
Motor disorders are disorders of the nervous system that cause abnormal and involuntary movements. They can result from damage to the motor system. [1]Motor disorders are defined in the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) – published in 2013 to replace the fourth text revision – as a new sub-category of neurodevelopmental disorders.
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