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Umlaut (/ ˈ ʊ m l aʊ t /) is a name for the two dots diacritical mark ( ̈) as used to indicate in writing (as part of the letters ä , ö , and ü ) the result of the historical sound shift due to which former back vowels are now pronounced as front vowels (for example , , and as , , and ).
The letter was originally an A with a lowercase e on top, which was later stylized to two dots. In other languages that do not have the letter as part of the regular alphabet or in limited character sets such as US-ASCII, Ä is frequently replaced with the two-letter combination "Ae".
Diaeresis [a] (/ d aɪ ˈ ɛr ə s ɪ s,-ˈ ɪər-/ dy-ERR-ə-siss, - EER-) [1] is a diacritical mark consisting of two dots ( ̈) that indicates that two adjacent vowel letters are separate syllables – a vowel hiatus (also called a diaeresis) – rather than a digraph or diphthong.
For example, U+00F6 ö LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH DIAERESIS represents both o-umlaut and o-diaeresis, while similar codes are used to represent all such cases. Unicode encodes a number of cases of "letter with a two dots diacritic" as precomposed characters and these are displayed below. (Unicode uses the term "Diaeresis" for all two-dot ...
Historically the unique letter Ü and U-diaeresis were written as a U with two dots above the letter. U-umlaut was written as a U with a small e written above (Uͤ uͤ): this minute e degenerated to two vertical bars in medieval handwritings. In most later handwritings these bars in turn nearly became dots.
Turkish uses a G with a breve ( Ğ ), two letters with two dots ( Ö and Ü , representing two rounded front vowels), two letters with a cedilla ( Ç and Ş , representing the affricate /tʃ/ and the fricative /ʃ/), and also possesses a dotted capital İ (and a dotless lowercase ı representing a high unrounded back vowel).
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Former letter of the English, German, Sorbian, and Latvian alphabets Ꟊ ꟊ S with short stroke overlay Used for tau gallicum in Gaulish [10] S with diagonal stroke Used for Cupeño and Luiseño [30] Ꞅ ꞅ Insular S Variant of s [9] [3] Ƨ: Reversed S (=Tone two) A letter used in the Zhuang language from 1957 to 1986 to indicate its ...