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Accurate legal information retrieval is important to provide access to the law to laymen and legal professionals. Its importance has increased because of the vast and quickly increasing amount of legal documents available through electronic means. [2] Legal information retrieval is a part of the growing field of legal informatics.
The amounts included as income, expenses, and other deductions vary by country or system. Many systems provide that some types of income are not taxable (sometimes called non-assessable income) and some expenditures not deductible in computing taxable income. [3] Some systems base tax on taxable income of the current period, and some on prior ...
The court first considered whether the sum had correctly been included in La Rosa's assessable income. It noted a substantial precedent that "the illegal nature of a receipt does not deny its taxability", as the ITAA made no distinction between income derived from legal and illegal activities.
Legal research is "the process of identifying and retrieving information necessary to support legal decision-making. In its broadest sense, legal research includes each step of a course of action that begins with an analysis of the facts of a problem and concludes with the application and communication of the results of the investigation."
Legal informatics is an area within information science. The American Library Association defines informatics as "the study of the structure and properties of information , as well as the application of technology to the organization , storage , retrieval , and dissemination of information."
It is common practice in legal documents to cite other publications by using standard abbreviations for the title of each source. Abbreviations may also be found for common words or legal phrases. Such citations and abbreviations are found in court decisions, statutes, regulations, journal articles, books, and other documents.
The Legal Information Institute (LII) is a non-profit public service of Cornell Law School that provides no-cost access to current American and international legal research sources online. Founded in 1992 by Peter Martin and Tom Bruce , [ 2 ] [ 3 ] LII was the first law site developed on the internet. [ 4 ]
Reciprocal insurance policies are typically nonassessable, keeping the policyholders from being charged an additional amount of money if required by the exchange. Reciprocals may issue assessable policies, though the practicalities of collecting assessments from members (particularly in personal lines) makes the assessable model less commonly used.