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Carnot's theorem: if three perpendiculars on triangle sides intersect in a common point F, then blue area = red area. Carnot's theorem (named after Lazare Carnot) describes a necessary and sufficient condition for three lines that are perpendicular to the (extended) sides of a triangle having a common point of intersection.
The segment AB is perpendicular to the segment CD because the two angles it creates (indicated in orange and blue) are each 90 degrees. The segment AB can be called the perpendicular from A to the segment CD, using "perpendicular" as a noun. The point B is called the foot of the perpendicular from A to segment CD, or simply, the foot of A on CD ...
In Euclidean geometry, the intersecting chords theorem, or just the chord theorem, is a statement that describes a relation of the four line segments created by two intersecting chords within a circle. It states that the products of the lengths of the line segments on each chord are equal. It is Proposition 35 of Book 3 of Euclid's Elements.
In Euclidean geometry, Menelaus's theorem, named for Menelaus of Alexandria, is a proposition about triangles in plane geometry. Suppose we have a triangle ABC, and a transversal line that crosses BC, AC, AB at points D, E, F respectively, with D, E, F distinct from A, B, C. A weak version of the theorem states that
A unit vector means that the vector has a length of 1, which is also known as normalized. Orthogonal means that the vectors are all perpendicular to each other. A set of vectors form an orthonormal set if all vectors in the set are mutually orthogonal and all of unit length. An orthonormal set which forms a basis is called an orthonormal basis.
In Euclidean space, two vectors are orthogonal if and only if their dot product is zero, i.e. they make an angle of 90° (radians), or one of the vectors is zero. [4] Hence orthogonality of vectors is an extension of the concept of perpendicular vectors to spaces of any dimension.
Given that Playfair's postulate implies that only the perpendicular to the perpendicular is a parallel, the lines of the Euclid construction will have to cut each other in a point. It is also necessary to prove that they will do it in the side where the angles sum to less than two right angles, but this is more difficult. [17]
Determination of a circle, that intersects four circles by the same angle. [2] Solving the Problem of Apollonius; Construction of the Malfatti circles: [3] For a given triangle determine three circles, which touch each other and two sides of the triangle each. Spherical version of Malfatti's problem: [4] The triangle is a spherical one.
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