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If the collector base reverse bias on Q 2 is increased by increasing the applied voltage V A, the current in Q 2 increases, increasing V 2 and decreasing the difference V 1 − V 2 entering the op amp. Consequently, the base voltage of Q 2 is decreased, and V BE of Q 2 decreases, counteracting the increase in output current. If the op-amp gain ...
An operational amplifier (often op amp or opamp) is a DC-coupled electronic voltage amplifier with a differential input, a (usually) single-ended output, [1] and an extremely high gain. Its name comes from its original use of performing mathematical operations in analog computers .
When Sedra and Smith first introduced the current conveyor in 1968, [1] it was not clear what the benefits of the concept would be. The idea of the op-amp had been well known since the 1940s, and integrated circuit manufacturers were better able to capitalise on this widespread knowledge within the electronics industry.
Representative schematic of a current-feedback op-amp or amplifier. The current-feedback operational amplifier ( CFOA or CFA ) is a type of electronic amplifier whose inverting input is sensitive to current , rather than to voltage as in a conventional voltage-feedback operational amplifier (VFA).
The sensors which transimpedance amplifiers are used with usually have more capacitance than an op-amp can handle. The sensor can be modeled as a current source and a capacitor C i. [4] This capacitance across the input terminals of the op-amp, which includes the internal capacitance of the op-amp, introduces a low-pass filter in the feedback path.
Basic opamp diode log amplifier. The basic opamp diode log amplifier shown in the diagram utilizes the diode's exponential current-voltage relationship for the opamp's negative feedback path, with the diode's anode virtually grounded and its cathode connected to the opamp's output , used as the circuit output.
Like a standard operational amplifier, the OTA also has a high impedance differential input stage and may be used with negative feedback. [3] But the OTA differs in that: The OTA outputs a current while a standard operational amplifier outputs a voltage. The OTA is usually used "open-loop"; without negative feedback in linear applications.
Schematic symbol for an OTA has inverting (V in-) and noninverting (V in+) inputs, power supply lines (V + and V −), two biasing inputs (I abc and I bias), and a single output current I out. The LM13700 is an integrated circuit (IC) containing two current -controlled operational transconductance amplifiers (OTA), each having differential ...
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