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Protein expression may refer to: Gene expression , the processes that convert the information of DNA genes into a functional copies of mRNA in living cells Protein production , the method of generating some quantity of a specific protein in biotechnology
Measuring gene expression is an important part of many life sciences, as the ability to quantify the level at which a particular gene is expressed within a cell, tissue or organism can provide a lot of valuable information. For example, measuring gene expression can: Identify viral infection of a cell (viral protein expression).
Regulation of gene expression by a hormone receptor Diagram showing at which stages in the DNA-mRNA-protein pathway expression can be controlled. Regulation of gene expression, or gene regulation, [1] includes a wide range of mechanisms that are used by cells to increase or decrease the production of specific gene products (protein or RNA).
Central dogma depicting transcription from DNA code to RNA code to the proteins in the second step covering the production of protein. Protein production is the biotechnological process of generating a specific protein. It is typically achieved by the manipulation of gene expression in an organism such that it expresses large amounts of a ...
Expression profiling experiments often involve measuring the relative amount of mRNA expressed in two or more experimental conditions. This is because altered levels of a specific sequence of mRNA suggest a changed need for the protein coded by the mRNA, perhaps indicating a homeostatic response or a pathological condition
In biochemistry, in the biological context of organisms' regulation of gene expression and production of gene products, downregulation is the process by which a cell decreases the production and quantities of its cellular components, such as RNA and proteins, in response to an external stimulus.
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) appear to regulate the expression of more than 60% of protein coding genes of the human genome. [9] If an miRNA is abundant it can behave as a "switch", turning some genes on or off. [10] However, altered expression of many miRNAs only leads to a modest 1.5- to 4-fold change in protein expression of their target genes. [10]
A gene product is the biochemical material, either RNA or protein, resulting from the expression of a gene. A measurement of the amount of gene product is sometimes used to infer how active a gene is. Abnormal amounts of gene product can be correlated with disease-causing alleles, such as the overactivity of oncogenes, which can cause cancer.