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  2. Glyoxylate cycle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glyoxylate_cycle

    Plants and bacteria employ a modification of the TCA cycle called the glyoxylate cycle to produce four carbon dicarboxylic acid from two carbon acetate units. The glyoxylate cycle bypasses the two oxidative decarboxylation reactions of the TCA cycle and directly converts isocitrate through isocitrate lyase and malate synthase into malate and ...

  3. Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glyoxylate_and_dicarboxyl...

    Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism describes a variety of reactions involving glyoxylate or dicarboxylates.Glyoxylate is the conjugate base of glyoxylic acid, and within a buffered environment of known pH such as the cell cytoplasm these terms can be used almost interchangeably, as the gain or loss of a hydrogen ion is all that distinguishes them, and this can occur in the aqueous ...

  4. Glyoxylate reductase - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glyoxylate_reductase

    The glyoxylate reductase enzyme localizes to the cell cytoplasm in plants. It can use both NADPH and NADH as a cofactor, but prefers NADPH. The enzyme substrate, glyoxylate, is a metabolite in plant photorespiration, and is produced in the peroxisome. Glyoxylate is important in the plant cell as it can deactivate RUBISCO and inhibit its activation.

  5. Malate synthase - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malate_synthase

    In enzymology, a malate synthase (EC 2.3.3.9) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction acetyl-CoA + H 2 O + glyoxylate → {\displaystyle \rightarrow } ( S )-malate + CoA The 3 substrates of this enzyme are acetyl-CoA , H 2 O , and glyoxylate , whereas its two products are ( S )-malate and CoA .

  6. Isocitrate lyase - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isocitrate_lyase

    Isocitrate lyase (EC 4.1.3.1), or ICL, is an enzyme in the glyoxylate cycle that catalyzes the cleavage of isocitrate to succinate and glyoxylate. [2] [3] Together with malate synthase, it bypasses the two decarboxylation steps of the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle) and is used by bacteria, fungi, and plants.

  7. Hopkins–Cole reaction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hopkins–Cole_reaction

    The Hopkins-Cole reaction, also known as the glyoxylic acid reaction, is a chemical test used for detecting the presence of tryptophan in proteins. [1] A protein solution is mixed with Hopkins Cole reagent, which consists of glyoxylic acid. Concentrated sulfuric acid is slowly added to form two layers. A purple ring appears between the two ...

  8. Asked & Answered, Week 7: When do we stop waiting for ... - AOL

    www.aol.com/sports/asked-answered-week-7-stop...

    Every week in the NFL season brings a host of new questions … and answers some old ones, too. Let’s run down what we learned in Week 7 … and what we’ll be wondering about in Week 8 and beyond.

  9. Glyoxylic acid - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glyoxylic_acid

    Glyoxylic acid is one of several ketone- and aldehyde-containing carboxylic acids that together are abundant in secondary organic aerosols. In the presence of water and sunlight, glyoxylic acid can undergo photochemical oxidation. Several different reaction pathways can ensue, leading to various other carboxylic acid and aldehyde products. [31]