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  2. Glyoxylic acid - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glyoxylic_acid

    Glyoxylic acid or oxoacetic acid is an organic compound. Together with acetic acid , glycolic acid , and oxalic acid , glyoxylic acid is one of the C 2 carboxylic acids . It is a colourless solid that occurs naturally and is useful industrially.

  3. Mandelic acid - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandelic_acid

    Mandelic acid is an aromatic alpha hydroxy acid with the molecular formula C 6 H 5 CH(OH)CO 2 H. It is a white crystalline solid that is soluble in water and polar organic solvents. It is a useful precursor to various drugs. The molecule is chiral. The racemic mixture is known as paramandelic acid.

  4. Glyoxal - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glyoxal

    Glyoxal was first prepared and named by the German-British chemist Heinrich Debus (1824–1915) by reacting ethanol with nitric acid. [4] [5]Commercial glyoxal is prepared either by the gas-phase oxidation of ethylene glycol in the presence of a silver or copper catalyst (the Laporte process) or by the liquid-phase oxidation of acetaldehyde with nitric acid.

  5. Vanillylmandelic acid - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanillylmandelic_acid

    Vanillylmandelic acid (VMA) is a chemical intermediate in the synthesis of artificial vanilla flavorings [1] and is an end-stage metabolite of the catecholamines (epinephrine, and norepinephrine). It is produced via intermediary metabolites.

  6. Glycolic acid - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycolic_acid

    Glycolic acid (or hydroxyacetic acid; chemical formula HOCH 2 CO 2 H) is a colorless, odorless and hygroscopic crystalline solid, highly soluble in water. It is used in various skin-care products. Glycolic acid is widespread in nature. A glycolate (sometimes spelled "glycollate") is a salt or ester of glycolic acid.

  7. Glyoxylate cycle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glyoxylate_cycle

    The glyoxylate cycle, a variation of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, is an anabolic pathway occurring in plants, bacteria, protists, and fungi. The glyoxylate cycle centers on the conversion of acetyl-CoA to succinate for the synthesis of carbohydrates . [ 1 ]

  8. Glycidol - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycidol

    Glycidol is prepared by the epoxidation of allyl alcohol.A typical catalyst is tungstic acid, and a typical O-atom source is aqueous peroxyacetic acid. [8]Some useful products derived from glycidol are 2,3-epoxypropyloxy chloroformate (from phosgene) and glycidyl urethanes (by addition of isocyanates: [8]

  9. 3,4-Dihydroxymandelic acid - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3,4-Dihydroxymandelic_acid

    3,4-Dihydroxymandelic acid (DHMA, DOMA) is a metabolite of norepinephrine. [1] Norepinephrine degradation. 3,4-Dihydroxymandelic acid is shown at right. Enzymes are ...