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Dietary supplements containing all eight are referred to as a vitamin B complex. Individual B vitamins are referred to by B-number or by chemical name, such as B 1 for thiamine , B 2 for riboflavin , and B 3 for niacin , [ 1 ] [ 2 ] while some are more commonly recognized by name than by number, such as pantothenic acid (B 5 ), biotin (B 7 ...
Pantothenic acid (vitamin B 5) is a B vitamin and an essential nutrient. [6] All animals need pantothenic acid in order to synthesize coenzyme A (CoA), which is essential for cellular energy production and for the synthesis and degradation of proteins, carbohydrates, and fats. [6] [7] Pantothenic acid is the combination of pantoic acid and β ...
Vitamin B 3, colloquially referred to as niacin, is a vitamin family that includes three forms, or vitamers: nicotinic acid (niacin), nicotinamide (niacinamide), and nicotinamide riboside. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] All three forms of vitamin B 3 are converted within the body to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD).
Vitamin B 8 is a former designation given to several distinct chemical compounds, which are not considered true vitamins: Adenosine monophosphate (AMP), ...
Vitamin B 12 deficiency is preventable with supplements, which are recommended for pregnant vegetarians and vegans, and not harmful in others. [2] Risk of toxicity due to vitamin B 12 is low. [2] Vitamin B 12 deficiency in the US and the UK is estimated to occur in about 6 percent of those under the age of 60, and 20 percent of those over the ...
Riboflavin, also known as vitamin B 2, is a vitamin found in food and sold as a dietary supplement. [3] It is essential to the formation of two major coenzymes , flavin mononucleotide and flavin adenine dinucleotide .
Cyanocobalamin is a form of vitamin B 12 used to treat and prevent vitamin B 12 deficiency except in the presence of cyanide toxicity. [7] [8] [2] The deficiency may occur in pernicious anemia, following surgical removal of the stomach, with fish tapeworm, or due to bowel cancer.
Thiamine, also known as thiamin and vitamin B 1, is a vitamin – an essential micronutrient for humans and animals. [1] [3] [4] It is found in food and commercially synthesized to be a dietary supplement or medication. [1] Phosphorylated forms of thiamine are required for some metabolic reactions, including the breakdown of glucose and amino ...