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The Directive introduced a new level of transparency to help progress towards eventually replacing animal use in science and was instrumental in accelerating the concrete application of the 3Rs and the establishment of institutions and centres dedicated to dissemination, education and research based on the Principles across Europe.
It was established in 2004 after the publication of a 2002 House of Lords select committee report on Animals In Scientific Procedures [3] [4] As of 2021, the chief executive of NC3Rs is Dr Vicky Robinson, [5] who was appointed CBE in the 2015 Birthday Honours "For services to Science and Animal Welfare".
William Moy Stratton Russell (26 March 1925 – 2006), also known as Bill Russell, was a British zoologist and animal welfare worker. [1] He was best known for writing, along with R. L. Burch (1926-1996) The Principles of Humane Experimental Technique (1959), [2] a landmark in the humane use of animals in research, education and testing.
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A common concept in Recycling is the 3Rs, which represent Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle. According to The Upcycle Artist's Handbook: A Comprehensive Guide to Creating Art from Waste published by Upcycle Art And Craft Society (UAACS). [8] They coined a 3Rs principle for upcycling: Rethink, Reform, and Reborn.
Downcycling is the reuse of materials into lesser products. For example, a plastic computer case could be downcycled into a plastic cup, which then becomes a park bench, etc.; this eventually leads to plastic waste. In conventional understanding, this is no different from recycling that produces a supply of the same product or material.
Resource recovery can be enabled by changes in government policy and regulation, circular economy infrastructure such as improved 'binfrastructure' to promote source separation and waste collection, reuse and recycling, [5] innovative circular business models, [6] and valuing materials and products in terms of their economic but also their social and environmental costs and benefits. [7]
3R (print size), a standard consumer print size for photographs; The 3Rs of Junior Forest Wardens (a Canadian outdoor-education program for families): Responsibility to yourself, Responsibility to others, Responsibility to your community and the planet; Return, Reclamation, Rehabilitation, rebel group in Central African Republic