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Metals were hard enough to make weapons that were heavier, stronger, and more resistant to impact damage than wood, bone, or stone equivalents. For several millennia, bronze was the material of choice for weapons such as swords , daggers , battle axes , and spear and arrow points, as well as protective gear such as shields , helmets , greaves ...
In control theory, a bang–bang controller (hysteresis, 2 step or on–off controller), is a feedback controller that switches abruptly between two states. These controllers may be realized in terms of any element that provides hysteresis. They are often used to control a plant that accepts a binary input, for example a furnace that is either ...
The controllers change their on-off ratio due to the degree of regulation. With a required output of 50%, the controller would switch off a full wave and a full wave in the pulse group mode. Only in the light of this situation, changes in output voltage fluctuate during mains voltage fluctuations. In fact, the operators have a subordinate ...
An induction furnace is an electrical furnace in which the heat is applied by induction heating of metal. [1] [2] [3] Induction furnace capacities range from less than one kilogram to one hundred tons, and are used to melt iron and steel, copper, aluminum, and precious metals.
It takes about a week to build the tatara and complete the iron conversion to steel. When the process is done, the clay tub is broken and the steel bloom, known as a kera , is removed. At the end of the process, the tatara will have consumed about 9.1 t (9.0 long tons; 10.0 short tons) of satetsu and 11 t (11 long tons; 12 short tons) of ...
This is a list of primary aluminium smelters in the world. Primary production is the process by which alumina is smelted to pure aluminum. [1] Secondary production is the process of recycling aluminum scrap into aluminum that can be used again. [2]
This page was last edited on 8 November 2024, at 03:58 (UTC).; Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License; additional terms may apply.
Aluminium smelting is the process of extracting aluminium from its oxide, alumina, generally by the Hall-Héroult process.Alumina is extracted from the ore bauxite by means of the Bayer process at an alumina refinery.