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The first three functions have points for which the limit does not exist, while the function = is not defined at =, but its limit does exist. respectively. If these limits exist at p and are equal there, then this can be referred to as the limit of f(x) at p. [7] If the one-sided limits exist at p, but are unequal, then there is no limit at ...
Limits can be difficult to compute. There exist limit expressions whose modulus of convergence is undecidable. In recursion theory, the limit lemma proves that it is possible to encode undecidable problems using limits. [14] There are several theorems or tests that indicate whether the limit exists. These are known as convergence tests.
The adjective indeterminate does not imply that the limit does not exist, as many of the examples above show. In many cases, algebraic elimination, L'Hôpital's rule, or other methods can be used to manipulate the expression so that the limit can be evaluated.
In this case, a single limit does not exist because the one-sided limits, and + exist and are finite, but are not equal: since, +, the limit does not exist. Then, x 0 {\displaystyle x_{0}} is called a jump discontinuity , step discontinuity , or discontinuity of the first kind .
If the limit of () as approaches exists then the limits from the left and from the right both exist and are equal. In some cases in which the limit lim x → a f ( x ) {\displaystyle \lim _{x\to a}f(x)} does not exist, the two one-sided limits nonetheless exist.
Essential singularities approach no limit, not even if valid answers are extended to include . In real analysis, a singularity or discontinuity is a property of a function alone. Any singularities that may exist in the derivative of a function are considered as belonging to the derivative, not to the original function.
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This means that if |g(x)| diverges to infinity as x approaches c and both f and g satisfy the hypotheses of L'Hôpital's rule, then no additional assumption is needed about the limit of f(x): It could even be the case that the limit of f(x) does not exist. In this case, L'Hopital's theorem is actually a consequence of Cesàro–Stolz.