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Phenylalanine ammonia lyase can perform different functions in different species. It is found mainly in some plants and fungi (i.e. yeast). In fungal and yeast cells, PAL plays an important catabolic role, generating carbon and nitrogen . [ 2 ]
This can be remembered with the help of the following mnemonics. Cats have paws ⇔ Cations are pawsitive. [23] Ca+ion: The letter t in cation looks like a + (plus) sign. [24] An anion is a negative ion. (An egative ion ⇒ Anion). [25]
In organic chemistry, functionality is often used as a synonym for functional group. For example, a hydroxyl group can also be called a HO-function. [1] [2] Functionalisation means the introduction of functional groups, for example the functionalisation of a surface [3] (e.g. silanization for the specific modification of the adhesion of a surface)
In organic chemistry, enols are a type of functional group or intermediate in organic chemistry containing a group with the formula C=C(OH) (R = many substituents). The term enol is an abbreviation of alkenol, a portmanteau deriving from "-ene"/"alkene" and the "-ol". Many kinds of enols are known. [1]
It can either gain a proton to form a hydronium ion H 3 O +, or else lose a proton to form a hydroxide ion OH −. [ 7 ] Another possibility is the molecular autoionization reaction between two water molecules, in which one water molecule acts as an acid and another as a base.
The concepts of syn and anti addition are used to characterize the different reactions of organic chemistry by reflecting the stereochemistry of the products in a reaction. The type of addition that occurs depends on multiple different factors of a reaction, and is defined by the final orientation of the substituents on the parent molecule .
AMP can be produced from ADP by the myokinase (adenylate kinase) reaction when the ATP reservoir in the cell is low: [5] [6] 2 ADP → ATP + AMP. Or AMP may be produced by the hydrolysis of one high energy phosphate bond of ADP: ADP + H 2 O → AMP + P i. AMP can also be formed by hydrolysis of ATP into AMP and pyrophosphate: ATP + H 2 O → ...
The anion [Ce(NO 3) 6] 2− has T h (idealized O h) molecular symmetry.The CeO 12 core defines an icosahedron. [4]Ce 4+ is a strong one-electron oxidizing agent.In terms of its redox potential (E° ≈ 1.61 V vs. N.H.E.) it is an even stronger oxidizing agent than Cl 2 (E° ≈ 1.36 V).