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Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) is a type of minimally invasive thoracic surgery performed using a small video camera mounted to a fiberoptic thoracoscope (either 5 mm or 10 mm caliber), with or without angulated visualization, which allows the surgeon to see inside the chest by viewing the video images relayed onto a television screen, and perform procedures using elongated ...
It aims to break up adhesions (scar tissue) on and around spinal joints as the cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and pelvic regions, or extremity joints as the knee, shoulder and hip, to which a restricted range of motion can be painful and limit function. Failed attempts at other standard conservative treatment methods (i.e., manipulation ...
unstable spinal fracture-dislocation at the thoracolumbar junction: Thoracic Spine Fractures and Dislocations at eMedicine: Hume fracture: A.C. Hume: olecranon fracture with anterior dislocation of radial head: Ronald McRae, Maxx Esser. Practical Fracture Treatment 5th edition, page 187. Elsevier Health Sciences, 2008.
Management is a mixture of medical (eg pain relief, respiratory support, chest drainage and antibiotics), non-medical (physiotherapy and rehabilitation) and surgical (fixation of rib fractures if appropriate and operative treatment of cardiac, lung, airway, diaphragm and oesophageal injuries).
Early surgery is important, as diaphragmatic atrophy and adhesions occur over time. Sutures are used in the repair. [12] Other injuries, such as hemothorax, may present a more immediate threat and may need to be treated first if they accompany diaphragmatic rupture. [6] Video-assisted thoracoscopy may be used. [4]
The patient may also receive thoracic epidural analgesia in the back for two to five days depending on patient recovery. [citation needed] Studies using sonography have shown post-operative changes in many patients such as an acute angulation of the costochondral junction and rib fractures near the pectus bar. Such changes occurred especially ...
For the condition to occur, generally there must be a significant force applied over a large surface of the thorax to create the multiple anterior and posterior rib fractures. Rollover and crushing injuries most commonly break ribs at only one point, whereas for flail chest to occur a significant impact is required, breaking the ribs in two or ...
A resuscitative thoracotomy is indicated when severe injuries within the thoracic cavity (such as hemorrhage) prevent the physiologic functions needed to sustain life.The injury may also affect a specific organ such as the heart, which can develop an air embolism or a cardiac tamponade (which prevents the heart from beating properly).